How Hydroelectric Power Plants Work | 3D Animation · saVRee
通过3D动画讲解水力发电站的工作原理，包括水库、进水口、水轮机和发电机等关键部分。适合练习科技、能源和工程相关词汇。
Hi, John here.
嗨，我是约翰。
In this video we're going to look at how dams work.
在这个视频中，我们将了解水坝的工作原理。
We'll look at all of the main components of a dam and the advantages and disadvantages associated with this type of hydropower plant.
我们将了解大坝的所有主要组成部分，以及这种类型的水电站所具有的优缺点。
Humans have been harnessing the power of water for thousands of years.
几千年来，人类一直在利用水的力量。
The potential energy of water has been used to drive mills, rotate pumps and for numerous other applications.
水的势能已被用于驱动磨坊、转动水泵以及许多其他用途。
However, converting the potential energy of water to electrical energy is a relatively new concept.
然而，将水的势能转化为电能这一技术其实是一个相对较新的概念。
To generate electricity using a hydro dam, you need two things.
要利用水坝发电，你需要两个条件。
An abundance of water and an elevation difference between the outlet and inlet sides of the dam.
大坝的出水口与进水口之间存在较大的高差，同时该地区水资源也非常丰富。
This difference in elevation is referred to as the head.
这种高度差异被称为“水头”（head）。
The head water is located upstream water.
源头（即水流的起始点）位于上游水域。
Let's now have a look at how we generate electricity using a hydro dam.
现在让我们来看看如何利用水坝来发电。
Water enters the penstocks through the main inlets.
水通过主进水口进入压力管道（即“penstocks”）。
The water then travels down through the penstocks until reaching the hydroelectric turbines located within the powerhouse.
随后，水流通过压力管道向下流动，最终抵达位于发电站内的水力涡轮机。
As the water passes over each turbine runner, the runners rotate and we obtain mechanical energy.
当水流经过每个涡轮叶片时，这些叶片会旋转，从而我们将水能转化为机械能。
The mechanical energy from the turbine runners is passed through electrical generators which are connected on common shafts.
涡轮叶片所产生的机械能通过连接在同一根轴上的发电机转化为电能。
We have now converted the water's potential energy into electrical energy and can distribute this through a transformer and a high voltage national grid.
我们现在已将水中的势能转化为电能，并可以通过变压器将其输送到高压国家电网中。
To end the process, the water flows from the powerhouse through draft tubes until reaching the tail water.
为了完成整个流程，水会从发电站通过导水管流出，最终流入尾水区。
The entire process is continuous which leads to a constant and reliable form of power generation.
整个过程是连续不断的，因此能够实现稳定且可靠的电力供应。
Advantages.
优势。
Hydroelectric dams offer a constant and reliable form of power generation providing enough water is present.
水力发电大坝能够提供稳定且可靠的电力供应，前提是必须有足够的水量。
They represent a renewable form of energy and produce no waste products.
它们代表了一种可再生的能源形式，且在发电过程中不会产生任何废弃物。
They're also very efficient and cheap to operate.
它们运行效率非常高，而且使用成本也很低。
Not only that but hydro dams have a very long service life.
不仅如此，水坝的使用寿命也非常长。
Some hydro plants have been in operation for over a hundred years.
有些水电站已经运行了一百多年。
Disadvantages.
缺点。
Hydroelectric dams can disrupt local habitats considerably due to large changes needed to create the conditions required by the dam.
水电站大坝的建设会严重破坏当地的生态环境，因为在大坝建设过程中需要对这些生态环境进行大规模的改造，以创造出适合大坝运行的条件。
These adverse effects are felt by both plants and animals alike.
这些不良影响对植物和动物来说都是相同的。
This is by far the largest disadvantage associated with hydro dams.
这无疑是水坝所带来的最大弊端。
They're also very expensive to construct and have very high initial costs compared to other types of power plant.
与其他类型的发电厂相比，建造这些发电厂的成本非常高，初始投资也很大。
Unfortunately the risk of failure associated with hydro dams is not always small and the consequences can be catastrophic.
不幸的是，水坝发生故障的风险并不总是很低的，其后果可能具有灾难性。
Catastrophic failure of hydro dams can often lead to immediate and large amounts of flooding to much of the area downstream of the dam.
水坝发生灾难性坍塌时，往往会立即导致大范围洪水，淹没大坝下游的整个区域。
Regardless of the advantages and disadvantages associated with dams, these enormous man -made structures are likely to remain part of our scenery for decades to come.
无论大坝存在哪些优缺点，这些巨大的人造结构很可能会在未来几十年内继续成为我们生活中的一部分。
If you like this video then be sure to subscribe to the YouTube channel.
如果你喜欢这个视频，请务必订阅该 YouTube 频道。
You can also like or share the video, it really helps us out and allows us to produce more and more content.
您也可以点赞或分享这个视频，这真的会对我们有所帮助，也能让我们制作出更多更多的内容。
And if you really want to learn more about hydro dams,
如果你真的想了解更多关于水坝的知识，
hydroelectricity and power stations in general then
那么，水电以及一般的发电站就来说说吧。
check out some of the links in
查看一下其中的一些链接吧。
the video description area and if you click on those links it'll take you to our website where you can see more high quality engineering
在视频的描述区域中，如果您点击那些链接，将会被带到我们的网站，在那里您可以查看更多高质量的工程相关内容。
tutorials.
教程。
Thanks very much for your time.
非常感谢您抽出时间来。