What Is Electrolysis | Reactions | Chemistry | FuseSchool · FuseSchool - Global Education
讲解电解的基本概念，通过电流在液体中引发化学变化。适合练习化学反应和离子行为相关词汇。
Electrolysis is electrical current flow through a liquid which causes chemical changes.
电解是指电流通过液体时引发的化学变化过程。
Yes, you did hear that correctly.
是的，你听到的没错。
Current flowing through a liquid.
流经液体的电流。
Now, not all liquids can conduct The liquid can be a molten Ionic compound Or a aqueous solution
需要注意的是，并非所有液体都能导电。能够导电的液体可以是熔融状态下的离子化合物，也可以是水溶液。
In either case It must be able to carry current Lets take a common example...
无论哪种情况，该设备都必须能够承载电流。我们来看一个常见的例子吧……
Table salt.
食盐。
If you heat sodium chloride to over 801 degrees Celsius it will melt.
如果你将氯化钠加热到801摄氏度以上，它就会熔化。
The liquid will contain free flowing positive sodium ions and negative chloride ions.
这种液体中含有能够自由移动的正钠离子（Na⁺）和负氯离子（Cl⁻）。
This simply means that sodium and chloride ions are free to move within the liquid sodium chloride.
这仅仅意味着钠离子和氯离子可以在液态氯化钠中自由移动。
Positive ions are called cations.
正离子被称为阳离子。
Negative ions are called anions.
负离子被称为阴离子。
Now consider putting two electrical conductors into the liquid.
现在，假设将两根导电体放入这种液体中。
Copper would be good, as it has a higher melting point.
铜是一个不错的选择，因为它的熔点较高。
Nothing happens to the ions at this point.
此时，这些离子不会发生任何变化。
But if we connect the two bits of copper to an electrical cell or a power supply then things start to get interesting.
但是，如果我们把这两段铜线连接到电池或电源上，情况就会变得有趣起来。
We do need to side step for
我们确实需要暂时避开这个问题（或：我们需要绕开这个障碍）。
a moment to look at electrical current
让我们花点时间来了解一下电流吧。
in a metal From our lesson "behavior of metallic structures" we know that electrons in a metal aren't bound to particular atoms.
在金属中：根据我们所学的“金属结构的行为”这一课程内容，我们知道金属中的电子并不与特定的原子紧密结合（即电子并不属于某个特定的原子）。
They form a sea of electrons that can move easily if a potential difference or a voltage is applied across it.
它们形成了一片电子海洋；当在电子海洋的两端施加电势差（即电压）时，这些电子就能轻松地移动。
This could be from an electrical cell or a battery.
这可能来自一个电化学电池或一块普通电池。
The electrons will begin to drift towards the positive terminal of the battery and this is what happens when currents flow.
电子会开始向电池的正极移动，这就是电流流动时发生的现象。
Current is the movement of charge.
电流是指电荷的移动。
In this case, electrons.
在这种情况下，指的是电子。
Now, let's go back to our "molten sodium chloride".
现在，让我们回到我们讨论的“熔融氯化钠”这个话题上来。
We've added our copper wires, let's call them "electrodes", and now we'll connect these to an electrical cell.
我们已经将铜线（暂称为“电极”）连接好了，接下来需要将这些电极与一个电池相连。
The electrons will start to flow in the wires and this will cause one electrode to become positively charged,
电子会开始在导线中流动，这会导致其中一个电极带正电。
and the other negatively charged.
另一个则带有负电荷。
This has an immediate knock on effect in the molten sodium chloride, which, you'll remember, is a mixture of sodium cations and chloride anions.
这一变化会立即对熔融状态的氯化钠产生影响。要知道，氯化钠是由钠阳离子和氯阴离子组成的混合物。
Anything positively charged in a liquid, in this case the sodium ions, is going to be attracted to the negative electrode.
在液体中，任何带有正电荷的粒子（在本例中为钠离子）都会被负电极吸引。
And anything negatively charged, in this case the chloride ions, is going to be attracted to the positive electrode.
任何带有负电荷的粒子（在本例中为氯离子）都会被吸引到正电极上。
This is because opposite electrical charges attract.
这是因为相反的电电荷会相互吸引。
When the ions meet the electrodes, electron exchange happens, and this triggers a chemical reaction.
当离子与电极接触时，会发生电子交换，从而引发化学反应。
Solids can form, gases can be given off, and new solutions can be left behind.
固体可以形成，气体可以被释放出来，同时也会产生新的溶液。
It all depends on the liquid and what material the electrodes are made from.
这完全取决于所使用的液体以及电极的材质。
There is more detail about this process in our lesson "Interpreting electrode equations".
关于这一过程的更多细节，请参阅我们的课程《电极方程式的解读》。
There are special names for the electrodes which are usually metal plates with a larger surface area than a piece of wire.
电极有专门的名称；这些电极通常是金属板，其表面积比普通金属线要大得多。
The positive electrode is called the anode, it attracts anions.
正电极被称为阳极，它能够吸引阴离子。
And the negative electrode is called the cathode, it attracts cations.
负电极被称为阴极，它能够吸引阳离子。
The liquid is effectively conducting the electrical current.
这种液体实际上起到了导电的作用，使得电流能够顺利通过。
The only difference is that the charge carries in the liquid.
唯一的区别在于：在液体中，电荷是以某种特定的方式（或结构）存在的。