Why the right can't stop talking about communism · Vox
视频探讨美国右翼为何持续将共产主义视为威胁，回顾历史上的反共运动及其对美国社会和政治的影响，适合练习政治、历史和文化话题。
Trump has a new boogeyman on the campaign trail.
在竞选活动中，特朗普又找到了一个新的“可怕对手”（或：新的威胁因素）。
Communist, communist, communist, communist, communist.
共产主义者，共产主义者，共产主义者……
You can be a communist or you can be a patriot.
你可以选择成为一名共产主义者，也可以选择成为一名爱国者。
You cannot be both.
你不可能同时拥有两者。
But it's actually not new at all.
但实际上，这根本算不上什么新鲜事物。
American politicians, especially on the right, have long associated communism with being anti -American.
美国政客，尤其是右翼政客，长期以来一直将共产主义与“反美”行为联系在一起。
As such, the US has gone through intent and occasionally violent means to suppress the spread of communism.
因此，美国采取了各种手段（包括故意的、甚至是暴力的方式）来遏制共产主义的传播。
There are communists who don't show their real faces, who work more silently.
有些共产主义者并不暴露自己的真实面目，而是以更加低调、默默无闻的方式从事着自己的工作。
During the height of the post -World War II Red Scare,
在二战后“红色恐慌”最为严重的时期，
thousands of US citizens were blacklisted and hundreds imprisoned for alleged communist ties and two convicted communist spies were executed by the state.
数千名美国公民因被指控与共产主义有关联而被列入黑名单，数百人因此被监禁；两名被判有罪的共产主义间谍也被国家处决。
Anti -communism became a key part of American identity during this period at a time when a country was increasingly defining itself as a Christian nation.
在这一时期，反共产主义成为美国国家认同的重要组成部分；与此同时，美国正逐渐将自己定位为一个基督教国家。
Remember two fundamental truths.
请记住两个基本事实。
Number one, there is a God who is eternal.
首先，有一位永恒存在的神。
Two that each of you has a soul which is immortal.
你们每个人都有一个不朽的灵魂。
A concept so foreign is a communist concept.
这个概念非常陌生，其实它属于共产主义思想范畴。
That concept of life we shall preserve.
我们将珍惜那种关于生命的理念。
The movement even led President Dwight D.
这一运动甚至促使德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔总统采取了行动。
Eisenhower to add the words under God to the Pledge of Allegiance in 1954, doubling down on the Christian values of an anti -communist America.
1954年，艾森豪威尔在《效忠誓言》中加入了“在上帝的庇佑下”这一表述，进一步强化了反共产主义美国所秉持的基督教价值观。
So that leads us to the question, why has this decades old boogeyman resurface now?
这就引出了一个问题：为什么这个存在了几十年的“可怕怪物”现在又重新浮出水面了呢？
And does it land with voters?
那么，这些信息真的能够传达给选民吗？
The word communism has taken on the life of its own over the past century of US history.
在过去一个世纪的美国历史中，“共产主义”这个词已经逐渐发展出了自己独立的含义和影响力。
So it's important to establish a definition.
因此，明确一个定义是非常重要的。
Communism was a political and economic system
共产主义是一种政治和经济制度。
in which one party, the Communist Party, dictated the terms over an entire nation and controlled not just the politics.
在这个国家中，共产党作为一方主导者，对整个国家的一切事务都拥有绝对的控制权，其影响力不仅限于政治领域。
It was an economy that the Communist Party itself controlled to enhance working class power.
这种经济体系实际上是由共产党直接控制的，其目的在于增强工人阶级的力量。
The first time communism really starts to gain traction in the US is in the 1930s.
共产主义在美国真正开始获得影响力的时候是在20世纪30年代。
The Great Depression was really interpreted by many people as discrediting capitalism.
许多人认为，大萧条实际上是对资本主义制度的一种否定（即大萧条证明了资本主义的失败或缺陷）。
It was so bad and so disastrous that more and more people
情况糟糕至极，后果也极其严重，以至于越来越多的人……
in the US started to look at what seems to them to be working abroad in the Soviet Union,
在美国，人们开始研究那些在国外（尤其是在苏联）被证明行之有效的方法或策略。
which was communism.
这就是共产主义。
Almost one million Americans joined the Communist Party of the United States and other communist led groups in the 30s.
20世纪30年代，近一百万美国人加入了美国共产党以及其他由共产主义者领导的组织。
And for a few years, there was a legitimate communist political presence in the US.
有那么几年时间，美国确实存在一个合法的共产主义政治组织。
They were part of that sort of larger team that was helping to advocate for labor rights,
他们是那个更大团队的一部分，这个团队致力于为劳工权利发声、争取支持。
for more government involvement in the economy for more government helping people.
希望政府能更多地参与经济事务，为民众提供更多帮助。
But attitudes about communism started to change in the late 1930s.
然而，人们对共产主义的态度在20世纪30年代末开始发生变化。
More information about the crimes of Stalin and the repression of the Soviet Union came out.
关于斯大林的罪行以及苏联所遭受的压迫的更多信息逐渐浮出水面。
And then the true turning point was in 1939 when Stalin made his deal with Hitler.
真正的转折点出现在 1939 年，当时斯大林与希特勒达成了协议。
They proceeded to go invade Poland after that.
之后，他们继续入侵了波兰。
That was viewed as sort of the ultimate betrayal of people who had placed their hopes in the Communist.
这被视为对那些将希望寄托在共产党人身上的人们的终极背叛。
As World War II ended, a new different kind of conflict emerged.
第二次世界大战结束时，一种全新的、不同类型的冲突出现了。