Navajo Code Talkers | Short Documentary | EXPLORE MODE · Explore Mode
讲述二战期间纳瓦霍族密码员如何用无文字的纳瓦霍语创造不可破译的密码，适合练习军事历史和语言文化相关内容。
The year is 1942.
时间是1942年。
The second World War is at its height and since Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor, American strikes on outposts in the Pacific have increased.
第二次世界大战正处于高潮阶段；自日本袭击珍珠港以来，美国对太平洋地区各军事基地的打击频率显著增加。
Japanese and German forces were tapping into American military communication lines intently but their decrypting methods weren’t yielding any results anymore.
日本和德国的军队一直在密切监视美国的军事通信线路，但他们的解密技术已经无法再获取任何有用的信息了。
Why?
为什么呢？
All messages were being encrypted by Navajo Codetalkers.
所有信息都由纳瓦霍族的密码通信者进行了加密处理。
You see.
你看……
Codifying messages is standard practice during wartime.
在战争期间，对信息进行编码是标准做法。
What wasn't standard practice was ciphering a Native American Language that had no written alphabet to begin with,
不符合常规做法的是：对一种原本就没有书面文字系统的美洲原住民语言进行加密处理。
Navajo was one such language.
纳瓦霍语就是其中一种语言。
You’re watching Explore Mode and today we are learning about Navajo Code Talkers.
您正在观看“探索模式”（Explore Mode）节目，今天我们将了解纳瓦霍族（Navajo）的密码通信者（Code Talkers）。
First things first.
首先，我们需要明确一些基本原则或步骤。
What are code talkers?
什么是“密码通话者”（code talkers）？
Well, code talkers were people recruited by the military during wartime to encrypt messages using a little-known language.
嗯，“密码通信员”是指在战争期间被军队招募来使用一种鲜为人知的语言来加密信息的人员。
The term is usually used in reference to Native American code talkers, who served in both the second and first World War
这个术语通常用来指代那些为美国原住民服务的密码通信专家；他们在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战中都发挥了重要作用。
transmitting tactical messages using an encoded version of their Native tongue.
他们使用自己母语的编码版本来传递战术信息。
The first Amerindian language used as code
第一种被用作密码的美洲原住民语言
in the first world war was Choctaw, the language of a Native American tribe originally from the Southeastern United States.
在第一次世界大战期间，人们使用的是“Choctaw”这种语言——它属于一个原住民部落的语言，这个部落最初来自美国东南部地区。
19 Choctaw soldiers joined American infantry forces and passed on messages using their native tongue.
19名乔克托族士兵加入了美国步兵部队，并用他们的母语传递信息。
The language was so foreign to enemy
这种语言对敌人来说完全就是“陌生的”（即他们完全无法理解这种语言）。
forces that stories tell of Germans tapping into American communications and thinking that they were using a special device to record their voices underwater.
这些故事所描述的情况是：德国人窃听了美国的通信内容，并认为美国人使用了一种特殊的设备来在水下录制自己的声音。
But by the time the second world war came, many Japanese scholars had already studied Native American languages,
但到了第二次世界大战爆发时，许多日本学者已经对美洲原住民的语言进行了研究。
so the U.S.
那么，就是美国了。
had to think of other options.
不得不考虑其他选择。
That’s where Philip Johnston comes in.
这时，菲利普·约翰斯顿（Philip Johnston）就派上了用场。
The story goes that Philip Johnston, the
据故事情节所写，菲利普·约翰斯顿（Philip Johnston）是……
son of missionaries who worked in a
在某地工作的传教士的儿子
Navajo reservation, was flipping through the pages
在纳瓦霍印第安人保留地，我正在翻阅那些书页。
of a newspaper when he saw that American troops were looking for a newer and harder to decipher Native American language-based code.
当他看到美国军队正在寻找一种更新、更难破译的、基于美洲原住民语言的加密系统时，他立刻想到了自己工作的报纸。
They were already working with Comanches, Choctaws, Hopis, Cherokees among other Native American languages.
他们已经在使用科曼奇语、乔克托语、霍皮语、切罗基语等多种美洲原住民语言进行相关的工作了。
Having grown up listening and speaking Navajo, Johnston knew it was the perfect language to encrypt the Marine Corps messages.
约翰斯顿从小就听讲并使用纳瓦霍语，因此他深知这种语言非常适合用来加密海军陆战队的通信信息。
Why?
为什么呢？
At the time, Navajo was an unwritten language, which means there was no alphabetical representation of its sounds that made it almost impossible to transliterate.
在当时，纳瓦霍语还是一种没有书面形式的语言；这意味着该语言的发音无法用字母系统来表示，因此几乎无法对其进行转写。
It could only be interpreted by native speakers.
只有母语使用者才能正确理解它的含义。
The recruitment process was complicated.
招聘流程相当复杂。
The Marine Corps had to find Navajo men who were both bilingual and who met the physical requirements to join them.
海军陆战队不得不寻找那些既能说两种语言，又符合身体要求的纳瓦霍族男性，以便让他们加入自己的队伍。
Some code talkers volunteered to participate in the program, others were drafted and many falsified documents because they were underage,
一些使用特殊代码进行沟通的人自愿参与了这个项目；另一些人则是被强制征召的。由于许多参与者尚未达到法定年龄，因此他们伪造了大量相关文件。
some were as young as 15.
其中一些人年仅 15 岁。
Apart from participating in boot camp, the men had to develop the code themselves.
除了参加训练营外，这些男性还必须自己编写所需的代码。
Literal translations were useful but easier to decipher, so they had to come up with a new method.
直译虽然有一定的参考价值，但内容往往较难理解（需要花费更多时间去解读），因此他们必须另寻一种翻译方法。
The Marine Corps decided to use substitution instead.
海军陆战队决定改用替代方案。