Ten Minute History - The Austro-Hungarian Empire (Short Documentary) · History Matters
本视频简述奥匈帝国从建立到解体的历史进程，涵盖政治与社会问题，适合练习历史类词汇和表达。
1848, and the Austrian Empire is having some trouble.
1848年，奥地利帝国遇到了不少麻烦。
This trouble occured on March the 13th in Vienna, When a crowd, mostly made up of students, demanded more rights,
这起事件发生在3月13日的维也纳。当时，一群主要由学生组成的民众要求获得更多的权利。
And the government obliged.
政府也履行了其义务。
By shooting them.
通过向他们开枪。
Which led to riots.
这导致了骚乱的发生。
This riot was a part of larger trend of revolutions which swept across Europe in 1848
这场暴乱是1848年席卷欧洲的革命浪潮中的一个缩影。
To oversimplify, they were largely concerned with improving the working lifes of the peasantry,
简单来说，他们主要致力于改善农民的工作和生活条件。
Increacsing democratic representation, and in many cases wanted to form states along national, ethnic and linguistic lines.
民主代表的比例不断增加；在许多情况下，人们希望按照民族、种族和语言的界限来建立新的国家。
This was bad news for the Austrian Empire, since it was very diverse.
这对奥地利帝国来说是个坏消息，因为该帝国的人口构成非常多样化（即各个民族、种族或文化群体在帝国中的比例各不相同）。
It included many ethnic groups such as Germans, Hungarias, Czecks, Slovaks, Ukrainians Called Ruthenians at the times Poles (known as Galicians),
该地区居住着许多不同的民族群体，包括德国人、匈牙利人、捷克人、斯洛伐克人以及乌克兰人。当时，乌克兰人被称为“鲁塞尼亚人”；波兰人则被称为“加利西亚人”。
Croats Serbs, Italians, Romanians and many, many others.
克罗地亚人、塞尔维亚人、意大利人、罗马尼亚人，以及还有许多其他民族的人……
Some of these people wanted better representation, and others preferred outright independence.
其中一些人希望获得更好的代表权，而另一些人则更倾向于完全独立。
The events in 1848 spread outside of Vienna quickly, and March 15th
1848年的事件迅速从维也纳蔓延到了其他地区，具体发生在3月15日。
In the city of Pest, revolutionaries demanded extra rights and soon after
在佩斯特市，革命者们要求获得更多的权利，不久之后……
declared Hungarian independence.But Ferdinand would still be their king The central government struggled to respond affectively.
匈牙利宣布独立，但斐迪南仍将继续担任国王。中央政府在应对这一局势方面显得力不从心（或：难以采取有效的应对措施）。
and in Italy the Austrian army withdrew from from most of the revolting Italian states.
在意大利，奥地利军队从大多数发生叛乱的意大利邦国中撤出了。
this left them wide open for invasion.
这使他们完全暴露在入侵者的威胁之下。