The Power of belief -- mindset and success | Eduardo Briceno | TEDxManhattanBeach · TEDx Talks
视频探讨成长型思维对成功的影响，通过Josh Waitzkin的真实案例说明如何通过改变对能力的认知来克服挑战。适合练习英语听力、口语和思维表达。
Transcriber: Asma Youssef Reviewer: Denise RQ What do you think is the key to achieve our goals, our success?
转录者：阿斯玛·优素福 审稿人：丹尼斯·RQ 你认为实现我们的目标、取得成功的关键是什么？
Some people suggest things like hard work, focus, persistence.
有些人建议要努力工作、保持专注并坚持不懈。
But research shows these are all by-products of something else, something much more powerful that we can all develop.
但研究表明，这些其实都是其他某种事物的副产品；而那种“其他事物”其实是一种更为强大的力量，我们所有人都有可能将其开发出来。
It is this very special something that is really critical to success, and is what I am here to discuss with you today.
正是这种非常特别的东西，对成功起着至关重要的作用；这也是我今天想与大家讨论的内容。
Someone who has achieved great success is Josh Waitzkin, a chess international master and the subject of the movie "Searching for Bobby Fischer".
取得巨大成功的人是乔什·韦茨金（Josh Waitzkin）——他是一位国际象棋特级大师，同时也是电影《寻找鲍比·菲舍尔》（Searching for Bobby Fischer）的主角。
Nobody has won all the national chess championships that Josh has.
没有人像乔希那样赢得过所有全国性的国际象棋锦标赛冠军。
But even more impressive, when he turned 21, he took on the challenge of mastering something completely new and very different from chess:
但更令人印象深刻的是，当他21岁的时候，他接受了这样一个挑战：去掌握一种全新的、与国际象棋截然不同的技能。
martial arts.
武术。
He realized that he had learned how to grow and succeed, and he could apply that understanding to other domains.
他意识到自己已经掌握了如何成长和取得成功的方法，并且可以将这种理解应用到其他领域中去。
And so, he devoted himself relentlessly to tai chi chuan.
于是，他全身心地投入到太极拳的练习中。
And after lots of hard work, many failures, and some broken joints,
经过大量的辛勤努力、无数次的失败，以及几次关节受伤之后……
he became a great martial artist, and he won two world championships.
他成为了一名出色的武术家，并赢得了两次世界冠军。
Now he is off to jiu-jitsu.
现在他要去学习柔术了。
So what does Josh say is the greatest thing ever happened to him?
那么，乔什认为发生在自己身上最棒的事情是什么呢？
Believe it or not, he says, "Losing my first national chess championship, because it helped me avoid many of the psychological traps."
信不信由你，他说：“虽然我输掉了我的第一次全国象棋锦标赛，但这次经历反而让我避免了许多心理上的陷阱。
The key trap that Josh avoided was believing that he was special, that he was smarter than other people,
乔希成功避开了一个重要的陷阱——那就是不让自己相信自己与众不同（或认为自己比别人更聪明）。
and that he didn't have to work hard.
而且他并不需要付出太多的努力。
He could have thought of himself as a prodigy, but he doesn't think that he has extraordinary intelligence.
他可以把自己视为一个天才，但他并不认为自己拥有非凡的智力。
He says, "The moment we believe that success is determined by an ingrained level of ability, we will be brittle in the face of adversity."
他说：“一旦我们认为成功是由个人固有的能力水平决定的，那么在面对逆境时，我们就会变得脆弱不堪。
Josh often quotes Stanford Professor Carol Dweck who discovered that some people see intelligence or abilities as fixed what is called a fixed mindset,
乔什经常引用斯坦福大学教授卡罗尔·德韦克（Carol Dweck）的观点。卡罗尔发现，有些人认为人的智力或能力是固定不变的，这种思维方式被称为“固定型思维模式”（fixed mindset）。
while other people see them as Josh does, as qualities that can be developed; a growth mindset.
而其他人（就像乔希一样）则认为这些特质是可以培养的，属于“成长型思维模式”的体现。
More important, Dr. Dweck discovered that these two different mindsets lead to very different behaviors and results.
更重要的是，德韦克博士发现：这两种截然不同的思维模式会引发截然不同的行为和结果。
In a study she did with Dr. Lisa Blackwell, several hundreds seventh graders were surveyed to determine which mindset each student had,
在她与丽莎·布莱克威尔博士共同进行的一项研究中，研究人员对数百名七年级学生进行了调查，以了解每位学生的思维方式（即他们所持有的心态）。
and then they were tracked for two years.
随后，研究人员对他们进行了为期两年的跟踪观察。
Results showed that the students with a growth mindset, those who thought they could change their own intelligence increased their grades over time.
研究结果显示，那些具有成长型思维模式的学生（即认为自己能够提升自身智力水平的学生）的成绩随着时间的推移有所提高。
While those with a fixed mindset did not.
而那些具有固定思维模式的人则没有做到这一点。
You can see the trend, the gap in performance just widens and widens over time.
你可以看到这种趋势：随着时间的推移，各团队之间的性能差距越来越大。
The difference between these two groups: a different perspective on intelligence.
这两组人之间的区别在于：他们对智力的看法不同。
Other studies have shown similar effects for our mindset about other abilities like problem solving, playing sports, managing people,
其他研究也显示，这种心态对我们在其他能力方面的表现有着类似的影响，比如解决问题、参加体育运动以及管理他人。
or anything else you'd like, dancing La Macarena.
或者任何其他你想做的事情，比如跳《La Macarena》这支舞。
The key to success is not simply effort, or focus, or resilience, but it is the growth mindset that creates them,
成功的关键不仅仅在于努力、专注或韧性，而在于那种能够促进这些品质发展的“成长型思维模式”（即一种积极、乐于学习和不断进步的思维方式）。
the mindset itself is critical.
这种思维方式本身至关重要。
Research shows that when we directly try to build grit or persistence, it's not nearly as effective as addressing the mindset that underlies them.
研究表明，当我们直接试图培养学生的毅力或坚持性时，其效果远不如从根本上改变支撑这些品质的思维模式（即他们的心理状态）来得显著。
How many of us think of ourselves as not math people, or creative, or sociable, or athletic, or conversely,
我们中有多少人认为自己不擅长数学，或者缺乏创造力、社交能力或运动天赋？反之亦然，又有多少人认为自己在这些方面具有优势呢？
that we are naturals?
我们是天生的（即具备某种与生俱来的能力或特质）吗？
If we are to fulfill our potential, we have to start thinking differently.
如果我们想充分发挥自己的潜力，就必须开始用不同的方式来思考问题。
We have to realize we are not chained to our current capabilities.
我们必须认识到：我们并不被自己当前的能力所束缚（即我们并不必局限于自己现有的能力范围）。
Neuroscience shows the brain is very malleable.
神经科学表明，大脑具有很强的可塑性（即大脑的结构和功能可以随着外部环境或内部因素的变化而发生变化）。
And we can change our own ability to think and to perform.
我们完全可以改变自己思考和行动的能力。
In fact, many of the most accomplished people of our era were thought of, by experts, to have no future.
事实上，我们这个时代许多成就卓著的人，在专家看来，原本都是被认为没有前途的。