Keep your goals to yourself | Derek Sivers · TED
Derek Sivers分享关于目标设定的心理学研究，指出公开目标可能降低实现概率。适合练习目标管理与自我激励技巧。
Everyone, please think of your biggest personal goal.
大家请想一想自己最大的个人目标。
For real -- you can take a second.
说真的，你可以花点时间（想一想）。
You've got to feel this to learn it.
你必须亲身体验这些，才能真正掌握它们。
Take a few seconds and think of your personal biggest goal, okay?
花几秒钟时间，思考一下你个人最大的目标，好吗？
Imagine deciding right now that you're going to do it.
想象一下，你现在就决定要去做这件事。
Imagine telling someone that you meet today what you're going to do.
想象一下，你告诉今天遇到的某个人你将来打算做什么。
Imagine their congratulations, and their high image of you.
想象一下他们表达的祝贺之情，以及他们对你的崇高评价吧。
Doesn't it feel good to say it out loud?
把这句话大声说出来，难道不会让人感觉很好吗？
Don't you feel one step closer already, like it's already becoming part of your identity?
难道你不觉得自己已经向前迈进了一步吗？这种感觉仿佛已经成为了你自我认同的一部分。
Well, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut, because that good feeling now will make you less likely to do it.
好吧，坏消息是：你当初就该闭嘴；因为现在这种“良好的感觉”反而会让你更不愿意去做那件事了。
The repeated psychology tests have proven that telling someone your goal makes it less likely to happen.
多次进行的心理学测试表明：告诉别人你的目标，反而会降低该目标实现的可能性。
Any time you have a goal, there are some steps that need to be done,
每当你有一个目标时，就需要采取一些相应的步骤来实现它。
some work that needs to be done in order to achieve it.
为了实现这一目标，还需要做一些相关工作。
Ideally you would not be satisfied until you'd actually done the work.
理想情况下，只有当你真正完成了这项工作之后，才会感到满意。
But when you tell someone your goal and they acknowledge it, psychologists have found that it's called a "social reality."
但当你向某人说明自己的目标，并且他们对此表示认可时，心理学家发现这种现象被称为“社会现实”（即他人的认可会让你觉得自己的目标更具现实意义）。
The mind is kind of tricked into feeling that it's already done.
大脑会被“欺骗”，让人误以为自己已经完成了某件事。
And then because you've felt that satisfaction, you're less motivated to do the actual hard work necessary.
由于你已经感受到了那种满足感，因此你做那些真正需要付出努力的工作的积极性就会降低。
So this goes against conventional wisdom that we should tell our friends our goals, right?
这与传统的观点相悖——传统观点认为我们应该把自己的目标告诉朋友，对吧？
So they hold us to it.
所以他们会强迫我们遵守这些规定。
So, let's look at the proof.
那么，让我们来看看这个证明过程吧。
1926: Kurt Lewin, founder of social psychology, called this "substitution."
1926年：社会心理学的奠基人库尔特·勒温将这种现象称为“替代效应”（即某种因素被另一种因素所取代）。
1933: Wera Mahler found when it was acknowledged by others, it felt real in the mind.
1933年：当维拉·马勒（Wera Mahler）的成就终于得到他人的认可时，她感到那些经历在她的脑海中变得真实而具体了。
1982, Peter Gollwitzer wrote a whole book about this, and in 2009, he did some new tests that were published.
1982年，彼得·戈尔维策（Peter Gollwitzer）专门写了一整本书来探讨这一现象；2009年，他又进行了新的实验研究，并将相关结果发表在了学术期刊上。
It goes like this: 163 people across four separate tests.
具体情况如下：共有 163 名参与者参与了四项独立的测试。
Everyone wrote down their personal goal.
每个人都写下了自己的个人目标。
Then half of them announced their commitment to this goal to the room, and half didn't.
然后，其中有一半的人向在场的所有人宣布了自己对这一目标的承诺，而另一半人则没有这样做。
Then everyone was given 45 minutes of work
然后，每个人都得到了45分钟的时间来完成工作。
that would directly lead them towards their goal, but they were told that they could stop at any time.
这样做会直接帮助他们实现目标，但他们被告知可以随时停止行动。
Now, those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average, and when asked afterward,
那些保持沉默的人平均在整个45分钟的时间里都在认真工作；事后被问及感受时，
said that they felt that they had a long way to go still to achieve their goal.
他们表示，要实现自己的目标，还有很长的路要走。
But those who had announced it quit after only 33 minutes, on average,
但那些宣布要参与这项活动的人，平均在仅仅 33 分钟后就放弃了。
and when asked afterward, said that they felt much closer to achieving their goal.
后来当被问及此事时，他们表示觉得自己离实现目标更近了一步。
So if this is true, what can we do?
那么，如果这是真的，我们该怎么办呢？
Well, you could resist the temptation to announce your goal.
嗯，你可以抵制住那种想要立刻宣布自己目标的冲动。
You can delay the gratification that the social acknowledgment brings, and you can understand that your mind mistakes the talking for the doing.
你可以推迟因获得社会认可而带来的满足感；同时，你也应该明白：自己的大脑往往会误将“说话”这一行为视为“实际行动”（即认为说话本身就已经完成了某项任务）。
But if you do need to talk about something, you can state it in a way that gives you no satisfaction,
但如果你确实需要谈论某件事，你可以用一种让自己无法从中获得任何满足感的方式来表达它。
such as, "I really want to run this marathon, so I need to train five times a week and kick my ass if I don't, okay?"
比如：“我真的很想参加这次马拉松比赛，所以我必须每周训练五次；如果做不到的话，我就得加倍努力了，明白吗？
So audience, next time you're tempted to tell someone your goal, what will you say?
那么，各位听众，下次当你想要告诉别人你的目标时，你会说什么呢？
Exactly!
没错！
Well done.
干得好！