Why We Should Design Cities Like Disney | Zach DeBoer | TED · TED
迪士尼主题公园的设计理念启发了城市规划，通过步行友好型街道和精心布局，提升人们的生活质量与幸福感。适合练习英语听力和理解主旨。
During the pandemic, I got really into watching videos about Disney theme parks.
在疫情期间，我非常喜欢观看关于迪士尼主题公园的视频。
How they're built, their history, upcoming developments, stuff like that.
它们的建造方式、发展历史、未来的发展方向等等。
As I worked from home, I would
由于我在家工作，所以……
even put on these long, 4K video
甚至还穿上了这些长款服装……只是为了拍摄 4K 视频而已。
walkthroughs of the parks up on a second monitor and just let them play in the background like a window into another world.
在第二个显示器上播放公园的导览视频，让这些视频在后台持续播放，就像一扇通往另一个世界的窗口。
But it wasn't just the escapism that drew me to these places.
但吸引我前往这些地方的，不仅仅是一种逃避现实的心理需求。
As an artist, I saw the parks as unique studies of what happens when art, human experience and emotion were the highest priority
作为一名艺术家，我认为这些公园是一组独特的案例研究——它们展示了当艺术、人类体验与情感被置于最优先位置时，会发生什么。
when it came to designing a place.
当涉及到设计一个场所时……
In the real world, those are usually the first things cut from any budget.
在现实世界中，这些项目通常是首先被从预算中削减掉的。
But at Disney theme parks, they were essential.
但在迪士尼主题公园里，这些设施是必不可少的。
And because of this, guests are able to immerse themselves in fantastical worlds and transcend their daily routines.
正因如此，游客们能够沉浸在奇幻的世界中，暂时忘却日常生活的琐事与压力。
They can embrace feelings of wonder and joy while creating lifelong memories with their family and friends.
他们在与家人和朋友共度美好时光的同时，也能感受到惊奇与喜悦之情；这些经历将成为他们一生中难以忘怀的回忆。
And to many, Disney theme parks truly are the happiest place on Earth.
对许多人来说，迪士尼主题公园确实就是地球上最快乐的地方。
See, nothing influences our lives more than place.
你看，没有什么比“地点”对我们的生活影响更大的了。
Our surroundings affect our relationships, emotions, habits, even how long we'll live.
我们所处的环境会影响到我们的人际关系、情绪、生活习惯，甚至我们的寿命。
So if we design places with care, purpose the human experience in mind, we can nurture well-being, foster creativity and innovation,
因此，如果我们精心设计这些场所，并将人类的体验作为设计的核心目标，那么我们就能够促进人们的幸福感，激发他们的创造力和创新能力。
build stronger, more resilient communities.
建设更强大、更具韧性的社区。
And while pockets of great places exist all over this country, most of America looks like this or this,
虽然这个国家的许多地方都风景优美、令人流连忘返，但美国的大部分地区要么是这种景象，要么是另一种景象。
or this.
或者这个。
And these places aren't just aesthetically bad.
这些地方的可观性（即外观或美感）确实很差。
They’re a drain on our physical, mental and economic health.
它们对我们的身体健康、心理健康以及经济状况都造成了负面影响（即消耗了我们的资源或导致了负面后果）。
But our places weren't always like this.
不过，我们的居住环境并不总是这样的。
American cities at the turn of the 20th century were designed for people to traverse, experience and understand.
20世纪初的美国城市在设计时充分考虑了人们在这些城市中行走、体验和理解城市环境的需求。
Work, food, school, whatever you might need was only a short walk or trolley ride away.
工作场所、食品供应点、学校，以及你可能需要的任何东西，都只需步行一小段距离或乘坐电车就能到达。
Developments and streets were smaller and folks weren't as spread out as they are now.
当时的住宅区和街道规模都比较小，人们居住的密度也比现在高得多。
And that meant you were more likely to know your neighbors and be more engaged with what was going on in your community.
这意味着你更有可能认识自己的邻居，并更积极地参与社区里发生的事情。
Downtown streets were shared by people, carriages, cyclists and vendors.
市中心的街道上，人们、马车、骑自行车的人以及小贩们共同使用这些空间。
And as they grew larger, more diverse, cities would develop their own unique identities and cultures that became sources of pride for anyone that called home.
随着城市规模的不断扩大以及人口结构的日益多样化，这些城市逐渐形成了自己独特的身份认同与文化特征，成为所有生活在其中的人们的骄傲源泉。
And this wasn't like a new thing.
这并不是什么新鲜事。
For thousands of years across continents, this is how we built cities.
数千年来，在各大洲上，我们一直都是通过这种方式来建设城市的。
But at the start of the 20th
但在20世纪初……
century, the way we built our places and who or what they were built for would change dramatically due to one invention.
在一个世纪的时间里，由于一项发明的出现，我们建造房屋的方式，以及这些房屋的建设目的（即它们是为谁或为了什么而建造的），都发生了巨大的变化。
From 1900 to 1915, the number of automobiles in America went from 8,000 to over two million.
从1900年到1915年，美国的汽车数量从8,000辆增加到了200多万辆。
And while at first cars shared the road, it wasn't long before their dangerous high speeds and exhaust fumes drove vendors,
虽然起初汽车与行人在道路上共同通行，但很快，汽车的高速行驶以及排放的废气就迫使小贩们……（原句在此处不完整，可能后续有更多描述）。
cyclists and people back onto the sidewalks.
骑自行车的人以及那些重新回到人行道上的人。
The streets now belonged solely to the car.
如今，街道完全属于汽车了。
But this would only be the first change to the American landscape it would be responsible for.
但这仅仅只是它所引发的美国社会变革的开始罢了。
And just like Disney's "Cars," the second one was even worse.
就像迪士尼的《汽车总动员》系列一样，第二部作品甚至更糟糕。
The economic boom in America after World War II led to a series of disastrous experiments in urban planning that continue to affect us today:
第二次世界大战后，美国经济的繁荣催生了一系列糟糕的城市规划方案，这些方案至今仍在影响着我们的生活。
the mass exodus of people from city centers to the suburbs on the edge of town, restrictive zoning laws that separated building uses,
大量人口从城市中心迁往城郊；以及那些限制建筑用途的分区法规……