Why We Blew Up Four Dams — and Saved a River | Amy Bowers Cordalis | TED · TED
讲述加州克洛马斯河因水坝破坏导致鲑鱼数量锐减，原住民Yurok部落通过努力拆除水坝，恢复生态平衡的故事。适合练习环保、自然、文化等主题。
In the beginning, there were shapeless spirits roaming the universe.
在最初，有一些无形的精神在宇宙中游荡。
And they went to the creator and said, "We are lonely.
他们找到创造者，说道：“我们感到孤独。
Please help us."
请帮帮我们。
And the creator said, "I will make you a place to be together, on one condition.
创造者说道：“我会为你们创造一个可以相聚的地方，但有一个条件。
You must take care of it."
你必须好好照顾它。
The spirits agreed.
那些精灵们表示同意。
And the creator made the Earth and sent the spirits down to the Earth to become land and water,
创世者创造了地球，并将那些精灵降临到地球上，让它们变成了陆地和水源。
plants, animals and humans, making everything on Earth alive.
植物、动物和人类共同构成了地球上所有生命的存在基础。
The creator told my ancestors, "You will never want for anything, so long as you live in a balance with the natural world.
创造者对我的祖先们说：“只要你们与自然界保持和谐共处，就永远不会缺乏任何东西。
Never take more than what you need.
永远不要拿超过你所需的东西。
Give thanks.
要心怀感恩。
And protect what gives you life.”
并保护那些赋予你生命的东西。
That is a version of my nation, the Yurok tribe's, creation story.
这就是关于我的祖国——尤罗克部落的创世故事的一个版本。
It's not spiritual parable.
这并不是一个具有精神寓意的寓言故事。
It's a set of instructions.
这是一组指令。
Simple, practical rules about how humans are meant to live on Earth.
关于人类应该如何在地球上生活的简单而实用的准则。
I want to tell you a story of loss, resilience and victory, and what it means to remember.
我想给你们讲一个关于失去、坚韧以及最终取得胜利的故事，同时也想谈谈“铭记”这件事的意义。
Since time immemorial, my nation has lived by these instructions.
自古以来，我的民族就一直遵循这些准则生活。
The lower Klamath River, in what is now known as Northern California, is our home and our lifeblood.
克拉马斯河下游地区（如今属于加利福尼亚州北部）是我们的家园，也是我们生存的根基。
Under our stewardship, the Klamath salmon runs grew to be the third largest in all the continental US.
在我们的管理下，克拉马斯鲑鱼的洄游规模发展成为美国本土所有鲑鱼种群中第三大的。
We had an abundant fishing way of life, caring for all that gave us life.
我们过着以捕鱼为生的生活，同时十分珍惜一切赋予我们生命的东西。
Then in the 1800s, everything changed.
到了19世纪，一切都发生了变化。
Newcomers arrived, and they viewed our world through the lens of extraction: gold, timber, water, land and people.
新来的人来到了这里，他们通过“资源开采”的视角来看待我们的世界：黄金、木材、水资源、土地以及人类。
The balance was disrupted, and suffering ensued in this place.
这里的平衡被打破了，随之而来的是人们的苦难。
By 1910, over 90 percent of California's Indigenous population had been slaughtered.
到1910年，加利福尼亚州原住民人口中已有超过90%的人被杀害。
It was genocide.
这是一场种族灭绝行为。
By the 2000s, the Klamath River, our ancient relative, had been transformed by dams, habitat loss, water diversions and warming polluted waters.
到了21世纪，克拉马斯河——这条与人类有着悠久历史联系的河流——已经发生了巨大的变化：水坝的修建、栖息地的丧失、水资源的过度开发，以及水体温度的升高和水质的恶化，都导致了这条河流的生态系统的严重破坏。
The dams, built without fish passage, blocked the salmon from accessing over 400 miles of historical spawning grounds.
这些水坝在建造时没有设置鱼类通道，因此阻断了鲑鱼前往长达400多英里的传统产卵区域的路径。
Our salmon runs fell to five percent of their historical abundance.
我们的鲑鱼数量已降至历史最高水平的5%。
The hydropower from the dams wasn't green either.
这些水坝所产生的水电同样不属于“绿色能源”（即不会对环境造成负面影响的能源）。
The reservoirs behind the dams emitted methane, the equivalent to 64,000 cars a year on the road.
大坝后面的水库会释放甲烷，其排放量相当于每年有64,000辆汽车在道路上行驶所产生的甲烷量。
In 2002, the legacy of colonization produced a horrific outcome.
2002年，殖民主义的遗留问题导致了极其可怕的后果。
Over 70,000 adult salmon died on the Klamath River within the Yurok Reservation, the largest salmon kill in US history.
在尤罗克（Yurok）保留地内的克拉马斯河（Klamath River）上，有超过7万条成年鲑鱼死亡，这是美国历史上规模最大的鲑鱼死亡事件。
I was working for tribal fisheries that summer, and the salmon died for two weeks.
那个夏天，我在为某个部落的渔业部门工作；鲑鱼的数量连续两周都在急剧下降（甚至死亡）。
By the end of it, their bodies lined the banks of the river, and the river looked and smelled like a war zone.
事情结束时，他们的尸体遍布河岸两侧；整条河流看起来、闻起来都像一片战区。
Standing in a Yurok tribal fisheries boat, I recalled a Yurok myth.
站在一艘尤罗克部落的渔船上，我想起了一个关于尤罗克人的神话故事。
If the Klamath salmon die, so too will the Yurok people.
如果克拉马斯鲑鱼灭绝了，尤罗克族人也将随之消失。
Because our purpose, our way of life depends on those salmon.
因为我们的目标、我们的生活方式都依赖于那些鲑鱼。
Was I witnessing the end?
我是否正在目睹某个时代的终结？
In that moment, I felt my great grandmother move through me like electricity.
就在那一刻，我感觉到我的曾祖母仿佛电流一般穿过我的身体。