The most important lesson from 83,000 brain scans | Daniel Amen | TEDxOrangeCoast · TEDx Talks
通过83,000次脑扫描，Daniel Amen分享了最重要的发现。了解大脑活动模式，有助于改善心理健康和行为问题，适合练习听力与理解医学相关内容。
Transcriber: Ilze Garda Reviewer: Denise RQ In this talk, I'm going to give you the single most important lesson
记录员：Ilze Garda 审稿人：Denise RQ 在本次演讲中，我将向大家传授最重要的一课。
my colleagues and I have learned from looking at 83,000 brain scans.
我和我的同事们通过分析 83,000 张脑部扫描图像获得了相关研究结果。
But first, let me put the lesson into context.
但首先，让我把这一道理放在具体的背景中来解释。
I am in the middle of seven children.
我有七个孩子，目前正处于抚养他们的过程中。
Growing up, my father called me a maverick which to him was not a good thing.
在我成长的过程中，我的父亲总是称我为“特立独行的人”，而在他看来，这并不是什么好事。
In 1972, the army called my number, and I was trained as an infantry medic where my love of medicine was born.
1972年，军队联系了我，我接受了步兵医务人员的培训，正是在那里，我对医学的热爱真正萌芽了。
But since I truly hated the idea of being shot at or sleeping in the mud,
但由于我实在无法忍受被人枪击或在泥泞中睡觉的这种处境……
I got myself retrained as an X-ray technician and developed a passion for medical imaging.
我重新接受了培训，成为了一名X光技术员，并对医学影像技术产生了浓厚的兴趣。
As our professors used to say: "How do you know, unless you look?"
正如我们的教授们过去常说的那样：“除非你亲自去看看，否则你怎么会知道呢？
In 1979, when I was a second-year medical student, someone in my family became seriously suicidal,
1979年，当我还是二年级医学生的时候，我家有一个人出现了严重的自杀倾向。
and I took her to see a wonderful psychiatrist.
然后我带她去看了位非常出色的精神科医生。
Over time, I realized if he helped her, which he did, it would not only save her life,
随着时间的推移，我意识到：如果他真的帮助了她（而他确实这么做了），那么这不仅能够挽救她的生命……
but it would also help her children and even her future grandchildren, as they would be shaped by someone who is happier and more stable.
但这也会对她的孩子们，甚至未来的孙子孙女们有所帮助，因为他们将会在一个更快乐、更稳定的人影响下成长。
I fell in love with psychiatry because I realized it had the potential to change generations of people.
我之所以爱上精神病学，是因为我意识到它有潜力改变无数人的生活。
In 1991, I went to my first lecture on brain SPECT imaging.
1991年，我第一次参加了关于脑部SPECT成像技术的讲座。
SPECT is a nuclear medicine study that looks at the blood flow and activity, it looks at how your brain works.
SPECT是一种核医学检查方法，用于观察大脑的血流情况与功能活动，从而了解大脑的运作机制。
SPECT was presented as a tool to help psychiatrists get more information to help their patients.
SPECT被作为一种工具推出，旨在帮助精神科医生获取更多信息，从而更好地为患者提供治疗服务。
In that one lecture, my two professional loves, medical imaging and psychiatry, came together, and quite honestly, revolutionized my life.
在那次讲座中，我热爱的两个专业领域——医学影像学和精神病学——完美地结合在了一起。说实话，这次结合彻底改变了我的生活。
Over the next 22 years, my colleagues and I would build the world's largest database of brain scans related to behavior on patients from 93 countries.
在接下来的 22 年里，我和我的同事们共同建立了一个全球最大的脑部扫描数据库，该数据库收录了来自 93 个国家的患者的相关数据。这些数据与患者的行为表现密切相关。
SPECT basically tells us three things about the brain: good activity, too little, or too much.
SPECT技术基本上可以告诉我们关于大脑的三个方面的信息：大脑的活动是否正常（即是否处于“良好状态”），或者活动是否过少，又或者是否过多。
Here's a set of healthy SPECT scans.
这是一组健康的 SPECT 扫描结果。
The image on the left shows the outside surface of the brain, and a healthy scan shows full,
左边的图像显示了大脑的外表面；而正常的扫描结果显示大脑结构完整无损。
even, symmetrical activity.
即使是在对称的情况下，活动本身也依然具有规律性和对称性。
The color is not important, it's the shape that matters.
颜色并不重要，重要的是形状。
In the image on the right, red equals the areas of high activity, and in a healthy brain,
在右侧的图像中，红色表示高活跃区域；在健康的大脑中，
they're typically in the back part of the brain.
它们通常位于大脑的后部。
Here's a healthy scan compared to someone who had two strokes.
这是一次健康检查的结果，与一位曾两次中风的人相比可以看出明显差异。
You can see the holes of activity.
你可以看到那些表示活动发生的“孔洞”（即那些显示出某种活动迹象的区域）。
Here's what Alzheimer's looks like, where the back half of the brain is deteriorating.
这就是阿尔茨海默病的症状：大脑的后半部分开始逐渐退化。
Did you know that Alzheimer's disease actually starts in the brain 30 to 50 years before you have any symptoms?
你知道吗？阿尔茨海默病的发病过程实际上早在患者出现任何症状之前的30到50年就已经开始了（即这种疾病早在那时就已经开始在大脑中发展了）。
Here's a scan of a traumatic brain injury.
这是一张显示脑部创伤情况的扫描图像。
Your brain is soft, and your skull is really hard.
你的大脑很柔软，而你的头骨却非常坚硬。
Or drug abuse.
或者药物滥用。
The real reason not to use drugs - they damage your brain.
不使用毒品的真正原因在于：它们会损害你的大脑。
Obsessive–compulsive disorder where the front part of the brain typically works too hard,
这是一种强迫症（Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder），其特征是大脑的前部区域通常会过度活跃（即工作负担过重）。
so that people cannot turn off their thoughts.
这样一来，人们就无法停止思考（或：无法让自己停止胡思乱想）。
An epilepsy where we frequently see areas of increased activity.
这种癫痫患者的脑部经常出现某些区域活动异常增强的现象。
In 1992, I went to an all-day conference on brain SPECT imaging, it was amazing and mirrored our own early experience using SPECT in psychiatry.
1992年，我参加了一场为期一整天的关于脑部SPECT成像技术的会议。会议内容非常精彩，与我们早期在精神病学领域使用SPECT技术的经验高度吻合。
But at that same meeting, researchers started to complain loudly that clinical psychiatrists like me should not be doing scans,
但在同一次会议上，研究人员开始大声抱怨：像我这样的临床精神科医生根本不应该负责进行医学影像检查（如扫描）。
that they were only for their research.
这些资料仅用于他们的研究目的。