Inside the “Play Labs” Helping Refugee Kids Heal | Erum Mariam | TED · TED
Erum Mariam分享如何通过建立‘玩乐实验室’帮助缅甸难民儿童恢复自信与快乐。她强调文化相关的游戏对儿童心理康复的重要性，适合练习情感表达与文化理解。
In August 2017, the genocide in Myanmar had exploded overnight.
2017年8月，缅甸的种族灭绝事件在短短一夜之间突然爆发。
The military were killing Rohingya people, setting their villages on fire.
军方杀害了罗兴亚人，并放火烧毁了他们的村庄。
This was part of the ethnic cleansing of the Rohingya people.
这是针对罗兴亚族人民实施的种族清洗行动的一部分。
The women and men who had escaped were now flooding across the border, carrying infants and young children on their backs.
那些成功逃脱的妇女和男子正在大批越过边境；他们背着婴儿和年幼的孩子前行。
Within four months, over 850,000 people crammed into refugee camps in Bangladesh, in a town called Cox's Bazar.
在短短四个月内，超过85万人被迫涌入孟加拉国的一个名为科克斯巴扎（Cox’s Bazar）的城镇内的难民营中。
I am Bangladeshi, and I live in Dhaka.
我是孟加拉国人，住在达卡。
I have spent my career working to make sure children have access to play when everything else in their lives has been in chaos.
在我的职业生涯中，我一直致力于确保那些生活在混乱中的孩子们能够拥有玩耍的机会。
I have worked with children for over three decades now through BRAC, the world's largest NGO.
通过全球最大的非政府组织 BRAC，我从事与儿童相关的工作已经超过三十年了。
While the Rohingya refugees were arriving by the thousands in Bangladesh, I got an urgent call from my BRAC colleague.
当罗兴亚难民成千上万地涌入孟加拉国时，我的BRAC同事给我打来了一个紧急电话。
He told me I had to go visit the refugee camps in Cox's Bazar and see how the children were doing.
他告诉我必须去科克斯巴扎尔的难民营看看孩子们的情况。
I thought about how much those kids had been through.
我想到了那些孩子们经历了多少艰难的事情。
They saw things that no child should ever see.
他们看到了那些任何孩子都不应该看到的东西。
I wondered how would they ever recover.
我想知道他们究竟要如何才能恢复过来。
I believed play might help them reconnect with what they lost: their culture and their sense of home.
我相信，通过游戏，他们或许能够重新建立起与那些失去的东西之间的联系——他们的文化，以及他们对“家”的那种归属感。
I believed play might heal them.
我相信玩耍能够治愈他们。
And what we discovered over time was that it was not just any kind of play that would help them heal.
随着时间的推移，我们发现：并不是所有类型的游戏都能帮助他们恢复健康（或：并不是所有类型的“玩耍活动”都能起到这种作用）。
It was specifically play from their own Rohingya culture that helped them feel pride, gain confidence
正是源自他们自身罗兴亚文化的元素，让他们感受到了自豪感，并增强了自信心。
and experience joy after being violently forced to leave behind their home.
在被迫离开家园的过程中经历了种种痛苦之后，他们终于找到了属于自己的快乐。
So I'll go back to the beginning.
那么，我就从头开始讲起吧。
After that phone call in 2017, I traveled to the camps in Cox's Bazar.
2017年那次电话通话之后，我前往了科克斯巴扎尔的难民营。
Aid workers had set up safe spaces for the children.
援助人员为这些儿童设立了安全庇护所。
I found children drawing guns in their art.
我发现有些孩子在他们的画作中画了枪支。
That was not unusual, but I saw something that surprised me.
这其实并不罕见，但我看到了某些让我感到惊讶的事情。
Someone had donated Scrabble sets and Uno cards for the children.
有人为孩子们捐赠了拼字游戏（Scrabble）的套装以及“Uno”牌游戏。
It was a generous gesture, but the children had never seen these games before.
这是一个慷慨的举动，但孩子们以前从未见过这些游戏。
They didn’t know the rules.
他们不知道这些规则。
They didn’t speak the language.
他们不会说那种语言。
Even the adult facilitators didn't know how to play.
就连那些成年引导者也不知道该如何进行游戏（或：该如何参与这个活动）。
They were arranging the Scrabble tiles into patterns because that's what made sense to them.
他们正在将拼字游戏（Scrabble）中的字母瓷砖按照一定的图案排列起来，因为对他们来说，这样做才是合理的。
Standing there, I thought, there's got to be a better way.
站在那里，我想：一定有更好的办法。
These kids were used to wide-open spaces with trees and flowers, and now they were crammed into a refugee camp with a million other people.
这些孩子过去习惯了那些有树木和花朵的广阔空间，而现在他们却被挤进了难民营，和另外一百万人挤在一起。
Every shelter was a copy-paste of the next: bamboo frames, tin roof, blue and black plastic tarp held back the monsoon rain.
每一个避难所的设计都几乎完全相同：采用竹制框架，屋顶覆盖着铁皮；为了阻挡季风雨的侵袭，还使用了蓝色和黑色的塑料防水布。
The air smelled like still water and human waste.
空气中弥漫着静止的水面以及人类排泄物散发出的气味。
But none of the kids ever complained.
不过，这些孩子从来没有一个人抱怨过。
And there were no signs of frustration.
而且没有任何表现出沮丧的迹象。
Instead, some kids were just withdrawn.
相反，有些孩子只是变得孤僻、不愿与人交流。
Others were restless.
其他人则显得坐立不安。
Some wouldn't engage with kids or with adults.
有些人既不愿意与孩子交流，也不愿意与成年人交流。
This was painful to watch, but typical of kids who have gone through such extreme conditions.
看着这一幕真的很令人心痛，但这正是那些经历过极端环境的孩子们的典型表现。
But even the kids who were withdrawn would come alive and express more joy when they were playing in a certain way:
但即使是那些性格内向、不太爱与人交流的孩子，在以某种特定的方式玩耍时，也会变得活跃起来，表现出更多的快乐。