How to Speak So That People Want to Listen | Julian Treasure | TED · TED
Julian Treasure分享了七种说话的致命错误，如八卦、评判、消极等，帮助你提升沟通效果。适合练习表达技巧和有效倾听。
The human voice: It's the instrument we all play.
人类的声音：这是我们所有人都在使用的“乐器”。
It's the most powerful sound in the world, probably.
这可能是世界上最强大的声音了。
It's the only one that can start a war or say "I love you."
它是唯一一个既能引发战争，又能说出“我爱你”这句话的存在。
And yet many people have the experience that when they speak, people don't listen to them.
然而，很多人都有这样的经历：当他们说话时，别人却并不听他们的。
And why is that?
那又是为什么呢？
How can we speak powerfully to make change in the world?
我们该如何用有力的言辞来推动世界的变革呢？
What I'd like to suggest, there are a number of habits that we need to move away from.
我想说的是，有一些习惯是我们需要改掉的。
I've assembled for your pleasure here seven deadly sins of speaking.
为了让您开心，我在这里列举了七种“说话时的致命错误”（即那些会带来严重后果的说话方式）。
I'm not pretending this is an exhaustive list, but these seven, I think, are pretty large habits that we can all fall into.
我并不假装这份清单已经涵盖了所有可能的情况，但我觉得这七项习惯确实属于那些我们所有人都可能容易陷入的“不良习惯”范畴。
First, gossip.
首先，是八卦。
Speaking ill of somebody who's not present.
在别人不在场的时候说他们的坏话。
Not a nice habit, and we know perfectly well the person gossiping, five minutes later, will be gossiping about us.
这可不是个好习惯；我们很清楚：那个爱说闲话的人，五分钟后很可能会开始说我们的坏话。
Second, judging.
其次，是评判（或评价）的过程。
We know people who are like this in conversation,
我们认识一些这样的人：他们在交谈时总是表现得非常健谈、活泼，能够轻松地与他人建立联系。
and it's very hard to listen to somebody if you know that you're being judged and found wanting at the same time.
当你知道自己正在被评判，而且会被认为有不足之处时，就很难专心去听别人说话了。
Third, negativity.
第三，消极情绪。
You can fall into this.
你很容易就会陷入这种境地。
My mother, in the last years of her life, became very negative, and it's hard to listen.
我母亲在生命的最后几年里变得非常消极悲观，听她说话实在让人难以忍受。
I remember one day, I said to her, "It's October 1 today," and she said, "I know, isn't it dreadful?"
我记得有一天，我对她说：“今天是10月1日。”她回答道：“我知道，这太可怕了吧？
It's hard to listen when somebody's that negative.
当一个人总是说负面的话时，确实很难继续听下去了。
And another form of negativity, complaining.
另一种消极的表现形式就是抱怨。
Well, this is the national art of the U.K.
嗯，这可以说是英国的“国粹”（即代表英国文化的艺术形式）。
It's our national sport.
这是我们的国球。
We complain about the weather, sport, about politics, about everything, but actually, complaining is viral misery.
我们总是抱怨天气、体育赛事、政治问题，以及生活中的各种事情；但实际上，抱怨只是一种会不断蔓延的消极情绪罢了。
It's not spreading sunshine and lightness in the world.
它并没有为这个世界带来阳光与欢乐。
Excuses.
对不起。
We've all met this guy.
我们大家都见过这个人。
Maybe we've all been this guy.
也许我们每个人都曾经是那样的一个人。
Some people have a blamethrower.
有些人拥有“指责他人的能力”（或者说，他们总是喜欢把责任推到别人身上）。
They just pass it on to everybody else
他们只是把这件事告诉了其他人而已。
and don't take responsibility for their actions, and again, hard to listen to somebody who is being like that.
他们不愿为自己的行为负责；再说一次，真的很难去听一个表现得如此的人说话。
Penultimate, the sixth of the seven, embroidery, exaggeration.
倒数第二个项目，也就是七个项目中的第六个：刺绣。刺绣这种艺术形式往往强调对细节的夸张处理（即通过夸张的手法来表现图案或主题）。
It demeans our language, actually, sometimes.
实际上，这种用法有时会贬低我们的语言的价值。
For example, if I see something that really is awesome, what do I call it?
例如，如果我看到某样非常棒的东西，我应该怎么称呼它呢？
And then, of course, this exaggeration becomes lying, and we don't want to listen to people we know are lying to us.
当然，这种夸大其词的行为最终就变成了撒谎；而我们自然不愿意去听那些明显在欺骗我们的人的话。
And finally, dogmatism.
最后是教条主义。
The confusion of facts with opinions.
将事实与观点混为一谈。
When those two things get conflated, you're listening into the wind.
当这两者被混为一谈时，你听到的其实只是无意义的“噪音”罢了（或者说：你根本没有听到任何有价值的信息）。
You know, somebody is bombarding you with their opinions as if they were true.
你知道吗，总有人不停地把自己的观点强加给你，就好像那些观点就是真理一样。
It's difficult to listen to that.
听起来真的很难受（或：很难忍受）。