How to Clean Up the World’s Dirtiest Industry | Joojin Kim | TED · TED
Joojin Kim分享如何通过金融手段推动全球航运业转型，减少碳排放。适合练习环保议题、金融策略和行业影响相关表达。
For those of us who are worried about climate change, it's no doubt challenging times.
对于我们这些担心气候变化的人来说，无疑正处于一个充满挑战的时期。
It feels like the end of the light of the tunnel gets further as companies and governments pull back.
随着企业和政府的退缩，那种“隧道尽头终于出现光明”的希望似乎变得越来越渺茫了。
And I get it.
我明白了。
It's hard to feel motivated with headlines like these.
面对这样的新闻标题，确实很难保持动力（或积极性）。
But that is not the full story.
但这并不是全部的故事。
In reality, a shift towards a climate solution-based economy is already underway.
事实上，向以气候解决方案为基础的经济模式转变的过程已经在进行中。
Not just because it protects the climate, but because it's becoming more profitable, more practical and more affordable.
这不仅是因为它有助于保护气候，还因为它正变得越来越有利可图、更加实用，同时也更加易于被人们接受（即成本更低）。
Despite all the setbacks, we will solve this problem.
尽管遇到了种种挫折，我们仍然会解决这个问题。
However, we have to be strategic.
然而，我们必须具备战略思维。
We cannot solve every climate problem at once.
我们无法一下子解决所有的气候问题。
We have to identify the systems that can unlock many others.
我们必须找出那些能够“解锁”其他众多系统的关键因素（或机制）。
The places where one smart move can create ripple effects across the entire economy.
在这些地方，一个明智的决策可能会在整个经济体系中产生连锁反应（即对经济产生广泛而深远的影响）。
One of the most strategic, most powerful, but also most overlooked of those systems is shipping.
在这些系统中，航运系统无疑是最具战略意义、最具影响力的，同时也是最容易被忽视的之一。
If shipping was a country, it would be the sixth largest greenhouse gas emitter in the world.
如果将航运行业视为一个独立的国家，那么它将成为全球第六大温室气体排放源。
Many of these ships aren't just powered by fossil fuels, they're built with fossil fuels, and they transport fossil fuels.
这些船只中的许多不仅使用化石燃料作为动力来源，其建造过程也依赖于化石燃料，同时它们还负责运输化石燃料。
Maritime shipping is a climate problem on three fronts.
海上航运在三个方面都对气候产生了负面影响：
One, for the cargo it carries.
首先，是因为它所运输的货物。
Crude oil and gas account for roughly one third of maritime trade.
原油和天然气约占海上贸易总量的三分之一。
Around half of natural gas is shipped in a liquefied form called LNG, and LNG trade has doubled during the past decade.
大约一半的天然气以液化形式（即 LNG）进行运输；在过去十年中，LNG 的贸易量翻了一番。
Two, because of the fuel ships burn.
其次，由于燃料的消耗，这些船舶会不断燃烧（即燃料会被逐渐用尽）。
Most ships still burn heavy fuel oils or increasingly, LNG, which releases carbon dioxide and methane, a dirty superpollutant that accelerates climate change and air pollution.
大多数船舶仍在使用重质燃油，或者越来越多地使用液化天然气（LNG）。这两种燃料在燃烧过程中会释放二氧化碳和甲烷——甲烷是一种极其有害的污染物，会加速气候变化和空气污染。
Three, because of the steel ships are made of.
答案是“三”，因为钢船就是用钢材制造的。
Most steel is made using dirty coal.
大多数钢材都是用含硫量较高的煤炭炼制的。
Steel production is responsible for another 8% of global emissions.
钢铁生产是全球温室气体排放量的另外8%的来源。
So shipping is not a side issue in the climate crisis.
因此，在气候危机中，航运问题绝不是一个次要问题。
It is one of the biggest hidden levers in the entire climate fight, a system if pulled the right way,
这是整个气候治理工作中最重要的“隐藏杠杆”之一；如果能够以正确的方式加以运用，这个系统将会产生巨大的影响力。
which can unlock a faster energy transition.
这将有助于实现更快速的能源转型。
It's tempting to think of oceans as diffused and decentralized, but when it comes to ships, their supply chains converge in one place:
人们很容易认为海洋是分散且无中心控制的，但当涉及到船舶时，它们的供应链都会汇聚到一个特定的地方：
East Asia.
东亚。
South Korea in particular dominates global shipbuilding, steel production for ships and the public finance behind them.
尤其是韩国，在全球造船业、船舶用钢材的生产以及相关公共财政支持方面占据主导地位。
And we are now at a critical moment, with Asia as a key leverage point.
我们现在正处于一个关键时刻，而亚洲是一个关键的杠杆点（即可以通过亚洲来影响或推动某些进程）。
The world has experienced how volatile fossil fuels are with the war in Ukraine.
乌克兰战争清楚地表明了化石燃料的极端不稳定性。
Again, we are experiencing the same with the war in the Middle East.
同样，我们在中东战争中也看到了同样的情况。
Right now, East Asian economies are making a decision.
目前，东亚经济体正在做出一项重要决策。
Do we keep funding fossil fuels or pivot towards offshore wind installation vessels, green ammonia tankers or ships made with clean steel?
我们是继续投资化石燃料产业，还是转向研发用于海上风力发电设施的专用船舶、运输绿色氨的货船，以及采用清洁钢材制造的船舶呢？
Because clean options don't scale just because they exist, they scale when policy, finance and regulation align to make clean attractive.
因为清洁技术本身并不能自动实现规模化应用（即其影响力不会随着技术的存在而自然扩大）；只有当政策、金融和监管措施相互配合、共同推动清洁技术的发展时，这些技术才能真正实现大规模应用。
My organization, Solutions for Our Climate, works to do just that.
我的组织“Solutions for Our Climate”正是致力于实现这一目标。
And we're no beginner here.
我们可不是初学者。
We've done it before with coal.
我们之前在煤炭领域就成功实现过这一目标。
From behind-the-scenes international negotiations to grassroots communities, from courtrooms to hilarious videos portraying dismal climate facts, we know what message to put in front of who,
从幕后进行的国际谈判，到基层社区的活动；从法庭审判，到那些以幽默方式揭示严峻气候问题的视频——我们清楚地知道应该把什么样的信息传递给谁。