Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance | Angela Lee Duckworth | TED · TED
Angela Lee Duckworth分享她关于‘坚持’（grit）的研究，探讨激情与毅力如何预测成功。适合练习职场、成长、教育类词汇与表达。
Transcriber: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
转录者：约瑟夫·杰尼 审稿人：莫顿·巴斯
When I was 27 years old, I left a very demanding job in management consulting for a job that was even more demanding: teaching.
27岁的时候，我辞去了那份要求极高的管理工作（在管理咨询领域），转而从事了一份要求更高的职业——教学。
I went to teach seventh graders math in the New York City public schools.
我在纽约市的公立学校里担任七年级学生的数学老师。
And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests.
和所有老师一样，我也制作了小测验和考试题目。
I gave out homework assignments.
我布置了家庭作业。
When the work came back, I calculated grades.
当作业被收上来后，我开始计算学生的成绩。
What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference between my best and my worst students.
让我印象深刻的是：智商并不是我那些表现最好的学生和表现最差的学生之间唯一的区别。
Some of my strongest performers did not have stratospheric IQ scores.
我那些表现最出色的学生中，有些人的智商水平并不高（即他们的智商分数并不属于“非常高”的范畴）。
Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well.
我那些最聪明的孩子中，有些表现得并不理想（或：他们的学习成绩并不理想）。
And that got me thinking.
这让我开始思考。
The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math, sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals, the area of a parallelogram.
七年级数学里需要学习的内容确实很难：比例、小数、平行四边形的面积等等。
But these concepts are not impossible, and I was firmly convinced that every one of my students
但这些概念并非不可能实现；我坚信我的每一位学生都有能力做到这一点。
could learn the material if they worked hard and long enough.
只要他们足够努力、学习时间足够长，就一定能够掌握这些知识。
After several more years of teaching, I came to the conclusion that what we need in education
在又从事了几年教学工作之后，我得出了这样一个结论：在教育领域，我们真正需要的是……
is a much better understanding of students and learning from a motivational perspective, from a psychological perspective.
从动机学的角度以及心理学的角度来看，这种理解方式能让我们更深入地了解学生及其学习过程。
In education, the one thing we know how to measure best is IQ.
在教育领域，我们最擅长测量的指标就是智商（IQ）。
But what if doing well in school and in life depends on much more than your ability to learn quickly and easily?
但如果在学校和生活中取得好成绩，不仅仅取决于你快速、轻松学习的本领，那该怎么办呢？
So I left the classroom, and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist.
于是我离开了教室，进入研究生院学习，立志成为一名心理学家。
I started studying kids and adults in all kinds of super challenging settings, and in every study my question was,
我开始在各种极具挑战性的环境中研究儿童和成人。在每一项研究中，我的核心问题都是……
who is successful here and why?
谁在这里取得了成功？为什么？
My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy.
我和我的研究团队去了西点军校。
We tried to predict which cadets would stay in military training and which would drop out.
我们试图预测哪些学员会继续接受军事训练，哪些会中途退出。
We went to the National Spelling Bee and tried to predict which children would advance farthest in competition.
我们参加了全国拼写比赛，并试图预测哪些孩子能在比赛中取得最好的成绩（即走得最远）。
We studied rookie teachers working in really tough neighborhoods, asking which teachers are still going to be here in teaching
我们研究了那些在条件极其艰苦的社区工作的新教师，询问他们中哪些人会继续留在那里从事教学工作。
by the end of the school year, and of those, who will be the most effective at improving learning outcomes for their students?
到学年结束时，哪些教师会在提高学生的学习成绩方面表现得最为有效呢？
We partnered with private companies, asking, which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs?
我们与一些私营企业合作，询问：“在这些销售人员中，最终谁能保住自己的工作？
And who's going to earn the most money?
那么，谁会赚到最多的钱呢？
In all those very different contexts, one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success.
在所有这些截然不同的情境中，有一个共同特征被证明是决定成功与否的重要因素。
And it wasn't social intelligence.
这也不是社交能力的表现。
It wasn't good looks, physical health, and it wasn't IQ.
既不是外貌出众，也不是身体健康，更不是智商高。
It was grit.
这就是坚韧不拔的精神。
Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals.
毅力”指的是对长期目标的热情与坚持。
Grit is having stamina.
毅力”其实就是指拥有足够的耐力。
Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out, not just for the week, not just for the month,
坚韧意味着日复一日、年复一年地坚持追求自己的未来——而不只是坚持一个星期或一个月而已。
but for years, and working really hard to make that future a reality.
多年来，我一直在努力工作，希望能将那个美好的未来变为现实。
Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.
坚韧的人把生活视为一场马拉松，而非短跑；他们懂得如何耐心地完成这场漫长的旅程。
A few years ago, I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools.
几年前，我开始在芝加哥的公立学校中研究学生们的坚韧毅力（即面对困难时的坚持与不放弃的精神）。
I asked thousands of high school juniors to take grit questionnaires, and then waited around more than a year to see who would graduate.
我让数千名高中三年级学生填写了关于毅力的问卷调查，之后等待了一年多时间，才最终知道哪些学生能够顺利毕业。
Turns out that grittier kids were significantly more likely to graduate, even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure,
事实证明，那些性格更为坚强（或更为“坚韧”）的孩子毕业的可能性要大得多。即使我在所有能够测量的特征上将他们进行匹配后，这一结论依然成立。
things like family income, standardized achievement test scores, even how safe kids felt when they were at school.
这些因素包括家庭收入、标准化考试成绩，甚至孩子们在学校时所感受到的安全程度。