4 ways to tell a great story · TED-Ed
本期讲解了讲述精彩故事的四大要素，适合练习演讲中的故事构建技巧，提升与观众的情感连接。
Your first job as a speaker is to build a trusting human bond with your audience.
作为一名演讲者，你的首要任务就是与听众建立一种基于信任的人际关系。
One excellent way to connect to an audience is to tell a story.
与观众建立联系的一个绝佳方式就是讲故事。
Stories helped make us who we are.
故事帮助我们成为了今天的自己。
Really — evidence left behind from our ancient ancestors suggests that the human mind developed alongside human storytelling.
确实如此！我们远古祖先留下的证据表明，人类思维的发展与人类叙事能力的发展是同步的。
Fire created a new magnet for bonding.
火焰产生了一种新的“粘合剂”，使得各种物质能够相互结合。
Its warmth and flickering light drew people together after dark.
它的温暖光芒以及闪烁的火光，在夜幕降临后将人们聚集在一起。
This seems to have happened in every ancient culture over the last 300,000 years.
在过去30万年间，这种现象似乎在所有古代文化中都出现过。
And what did our ancestors do with this time together?
那么，我们的祖先是如何利用这些共度的时光的呢？
In many cultures, one type of communal activity became very important: storytelling.
在许多文化中，有一种集体活动变得非常重要，那就是讲故事。
Stories brought people from faraway places to the fireside.
这些故事让人们仿佛置身于遥远的地方，与身边的人围坐在篝火旁。
Stories about people who were alive and people who were dead, nearby and in distant lands.
关于那些在世的人、那些已经去世的人的故事；关于他们的生活，以及他们所处的地方——无论是附近的，还是遥远的国度。
Stories sparked laughter, tension, and amazement.
这些故事引发了人们的笑声、紧张情绪以及惊叹之情。
Stories also played an important role in helping expand people’s ability to imagine and to dream, and to understand the minds of others.
故事在帮助人们拓展想象力、激发梦想以及理解他人思维方面也发挥了重要作用。
Storytellers became important people within a community, and their listeners took information from the stories that changed how they behaved in the world.
讲故事的人在社区中成为了重要的人物；他们的听众从这些故事中获取信息，这些信息改变了他们在现实世界中的行为方式。
It's not just that we all love hearing stories.
我们之所以都喜欢听故事，原因并不仅仅在于这一点。
Stories probably helped shape how our minds share and receive information.
故事很可能在塑造我们的大脑如何分享和接收信息的方式上起到了重要作用。
So it's no surprise that many of the best talks are built around a story.
因此，许多精彩的演讲都是围绕一个故事展开的，这并不令人意外。
The most basic way of breaking down a story is this: a character with a goal meets an unexpected obstacle.
分析一个故事最基本的方法是这样的：一个拥有目标的角色遇到了一个意想不到的障碍。
She tries to overcome that obstacle, which builds to a peak in the action.
她努力克服这个障碍，而这一过程在剧情的高潮部分达到了顶点。
Finally, there’s some kind of resolution to the conflict.
终于，这场冲突得到了某种形式的解决。
When it comes to sharing a story from the stage, remember four key things: 1.
当需要从舞台上分享一个故事时，请记住以下四点：1.
Base the story around a character your audience can empathize with.
让故事围绕一个能让观众产生共鸣的角色展开。
Build tension, either through curiosity, relationship with other characters, or actual danger.
通过激发读者的好奇心、塑造他们与其他角色的关系，或是营造真正的危险氛围，来营造紧张感。
Offer the right level of detail.
提供适当程度的细节信息。
If there's not enough, the story won't come to life.
如果素材不够，故事就无法生动地呈现出来。
If there's too much, it will get bogged down.
如果信息量太大，系统就会变得运行缓慢（甚至无法正常运行）。
And, 4.
还有，第4点。
End with a satisfying conclusion, whether it’s funny, moving, or surprising.
以一个令人满意的结局收尾吧，无论是幽默的、感人的，还是令人惊讶的结局都行。
Some great talks are built around a single story.
一些精彩的演讲都是围绕一个故事展开的。
This can be really helpful for a speaker.
这对演讲者来说确实非常有帮助。
The throughline is simply the plot of the story.
故事的主线其实就是整个故事的情节发展。
If the story is about you, it can even create empathy in the audience.
如果这个故事是关于你的，它甚至能够激发观众的共鸣（即让他们产生同理心）。
If your journey is exciting and easy to follow, this type of talk can work really well.
如果你的旅程充满趣味且易于理解（即听众能够轻松跟随你的讲述过程），那么这种类型的演讲方式会非常有效。
But there's a trap here too.
不过这里也隐藏着一个陷阱。
Remember, the goal is to give.
记住，目标就是付出（爱心、帮助等）。
Personal stories may entertain or interest an audience,
个人故事可能会娱乐或吸引听众的兴趣。
or make the speaker feel really good about themselves, but they don’t necessarily give the audience something they can walk away with;
或者让演讲者对自己感到非常满意，但他们并不一定能给听众带来真正有价值的东西（即听众听完演讲后能够从中获得实际收益或启示）。
a new way of understanding things, actionable information, context, hope.
一种理解事物的新方式：实用的信息、背景信息，以及带来希望的力量。
And that’s a real shame.
这真的太遗憾了。
The key is to link together the important moments of your story in a way that can be meaningful to someone else.
关键在于以一种对他人来说具有意义的方式，将你故事中的重要时刻串联起来。