Your brain didn't invent reality — it inherited it | Lisa Feldman Barrett · Big Think
视频讲解文化如何塑造我们的现实认知，探讨颜色、山丘等概念并非客观存在，而是通过社会共识和文化传承形成的。适合练习英语听力和理解抽象概念。
What is the color red?
红色是什么颜色的？
What counts as a mountain versus a hill?
究竟什么才算得上是山，什么才算得上是小山（或丘陵）呢？
What is a president?
总统是什么？
What powers does a president have?
总统拥有哪些权力？
All of these things are rooted in social reality.
所有这些现象都根植于社会现实之中。
They are rooted in a group of people collectively imposing a meaning on a set of physical signals that those signals don't have any other way.
这些现象的根源在于：一群人共同为某些物理信号赋予特定的含义，而这些信号本身原本并不具备这样的含义（即这些信号本身并不具备表达某种特定意义的能力）。
What you don't say, your daily actions help to constitute reality, help to manifest reality,
你没有说出口的话，以及你的日常行为，都在共同塑造着现实、帮助现实得以显现。
and it turns out that really all the features that we sort of assume are objective aspects of reality,
结果发现，那些我们原本认为属于现实客观方面的特征，其实……
those aspects are rooted in the relationship between what is out there and what is in here.
这些方面其实源于“外部世界”与“我们自身（即‘这里’）”之间的关系。
Relational realism assumes that color is a property of the relationship between the wavelength of light that hits your retina and the signals in your brain.
关系实在论（Relational Realism）认为，颜色实际上是一种基于以下两种因素之间关系的属性：一是照射到视网膜上的光线的波长，二是这些光线在大脑中产生的信号。
How do you know to make sense of them as red?
你是怎么知道应该把它们理解为“红色”的呢？
You had to learn what those signals meant and that means somebody else taught it to you.
你必须弄清楚那些信号的含义，而这意味着有人曾经教你过这些知识。
Any feature where you learn to impose meaning on the physical signal that the physical signal doesn't have on its own is called cultural inheritance.
任何让你学会为物理信号赋予某种意义（而这些物理信号本身并不具备这种意义）的功能，都被称为“文化传承”。
Cultural inheritance is how other people by
文化传承是指其他人通过某种方式（如学习、模仿等）来继承和发扬某种文化传统。
virtue of their actions and their words wire your brain with the remembered past that you now use to create the relational present.
通过他们的行为和言语，那些过去的经历被重新唤起并储存在你的大脑中；如今，你正是依靠这些记忆来构建当下的关系。
Cultural inheritance is a form of passing knowledge from one generation to another.
文化遗产是一种将知识从一代传递给另一代的形式。
It's the foundation really of a perception box.
这实际上是一个“感知框架”（即用于处理和理解信息的结构）的基础。
So it turns out that all of
原来，所有的一切……
the aspects that you may take to
你可以考虑的那些方面……
be objective features of reality are actually
客观存在的现实特征，实际上……
culturally inherited and anything which is which
通过文化传承获得的任何事物……
is culturally inherited where a group of
这种文化特征是通过世代相传的方式被继承下来的；具体来说，当某个群体……（原句此处内容不完整，无法继续翻译）。
people by consensus impose a meaning on
人们通过共识为某些事物赋予特定的含义。
a physical signal that the physical signal doesn't have intrinsically on its own is usually referred to as social reality.
那种本身并不具备某种内在属性的物理信号，通常被称为“社会现实”。
When I say that features of reality
当我说“现实的某些特征”时……
are really features or properties of relationships between signals, some of it has to be a consensus amongst people or an implied consensus.
这些究竟算是信号之间相互关系的真正特征（或属性）呢？其中一些内容必然需要人们达成共识，或者至少是一种隐含的共识。
So if I'm looking at this chair
那么，如果我正在看这把椅子的话……
and I experience it the existence of
而我正是通过这种“存在”的方式来体验它的。
burgundy or red depending on what your
根据个人喜好或搭配需求，这种酒的颜色可以是勃艮第红（即深红色），也可以是纯红色。
prior experience is like but the existence
先前的工作经验……其实就相当于某种“存在形式”吧。
of burgundy as a color depends on prior instances of people who taught me the patterns that allowed me to use my remembered past,
将“勃艮第红”视为一种特定的颜色，其实取决于之前那些向我传授相关知识的人；正是这些知识，让我能够运用自己记忆中的过往经验来理解这种颜色的含义。
my perception box for color, to not just experience it but to create an act on the wavelengths of light as burgundy.
我对于颜色的认知方式，不仅仅是为了感受颜色本身，更是为了将光波中的特定波长（即酒红色所对应的波长）转化为具体的视觉效果（即呈现出酒红色的颜色）。
So in all cases the signals outside our heads are given meaning by their relation to the signals inside our heads by consensus,
因此，在所有情况下，我们头脑之外的信号之所以具有意义，都是因为它们与我们头脑内部的信号之间存在某种关联（这种关联是通过共识形成的）。
by collective agreement which means that even something like the existence of color is a form of social reality.
这种社会现实是通过集体协议形成的；也就是说，甚至连“颜色”这种概念本身，也是一种社会现实的表现形式。
Examples of social reality like the kind of classic example is money.
关于社会现实的例子，一个经典的例子就是货币。
Every time you trade little pieces of
每次你交易那些微小的部分（或物品）时……
paper for something that you can eat or that you can use you are not just agreeing to the existence of money,
当你为某种可以食用的东西或某种可以使用的物品申请相关许可时，你其实不仅仅是在认可货币的存在；你的行为还反映了你对这些物品的实际价值和使用方式的认同。
you are manifesting the existence of money.
你正在让金钱这种“存在”得以显现（即让金钱从无形的状态变为有形的状态）。
And the more people who agree the more solidified the value becomes.
赞同这种观点的人越多，其价值就越得以巩固（或：这种观点就越被广泛认可，其影响力也就越大）。
If a group of people withdraw their consent that little pieces of paper can be traded for material goods,
如果有一群人不再同意用那些小纸片来换取实物商品的话……