How does Computer Hardware Work? 💻🛠🔬 [3D Animated Teardown] · Branch Education
通过3D动画解剖电脑硬件，展示CPU、GPU等核心组件的结构与功能，适合练习科技类词汇和理解计算机原理。
Throughout this video we’re going to do a desktop computer dissection using 3D animation.
在这段视频中，我们将通过 3D 动画来展示一台台式电脑的内部结构（即对电脑的“解剖”过程）。
Kind of like a dissection lab in biology class, but instead, we’ll journey through the inside of this computer and disassemble every piece of hardware.
有点像生物课上的解剖实验课，只不过这次我们会“探索”这台电脑的内部结构，并拆解其中的每一块硬件部件。
We’ll then use a microscope and zoom in to give you a nanoscopic view of the transistors and other structures inside.
接下来，我们将使用显微镜并放大图像，让您能够从纳米尺度上观察晶体管以及其他内部结构。
To make this video we disassembled all
为了制作这个视频，我们拆解了所有的部件。
the hardware inside a typical desktop computer, we desoldered and removed the components from each of the printed circuit boards and took thousands of pictures.
对于典型台式电脑内部的硬件组件，我们拆除了它们与印刷电路板之间的连接（即进行了“拆焊”操作），然后将这些组件从印刷电路板上取下，并拍摄了数千张照片。
Then using these pictures, we meticulously 3D modeled every single component from the computer case down to the tiniest resistor.
然后，我们利用这些图片，对从电脑机箱到最小的电阻器在内的每一个部件都进行了精细的三维建模。
As a result, here’s all the hardware that we’ll explore throughout this video.
因此，以下就是我们在本视频中将会介绍的所有硬件设备。
It kind of looks like a crime scene where someone viciously destroyed a computer and arranged all the components,
这看起来有点像犯罪现场：有人恶意破坏了一台电脑，并把所有零部件随意摆放在一起。
but anyways let’s dive right in.
不过无论如何，我们还是直接开始吧。
We’ll begin this journey with the Central Processing Unit or CPU which is the brain of the computer.
我们将从中央处理单元（CPU）开始这段“旅程”；CPU堪称计算机的大脑。
On top we have the cover, called
在顶部，我们有封面，其名称为……
an integrated heat spreader, and inside is a smaller metal package that holds the integrated circuit which is technically called a die.
该组件包含一个集成的散热器（Integrated Heat Spreader），其内部还装有一个较小的金属封装结构，用于容纳集成电路（该集成电路在技术上被称为“die”）。
This die is mounted on a printed
这个模具安装在一个印刷品上。
circuit board that distributes the 1200 connection points to landing pads that interface with the landing grid array on the motherboard.
这块电路板负责将主板上的 1200 个连接点分配到相应的接口上；这些接口随后会与主板上的“着陆网格阵列”（landing grid array）进行通信或数据传输。
The integrated circuit inside has a few different sections, but perhaps the most recognizable are the 10 cores where programs and instructions are run.
该集成电路内部包含多个不同的功能模块，其中最显眼的部分无疑是那10个用于执行程序和指令的核心单元。
Each core is quite complicated, so here’s a diagram laying out the different functional sections.
每个核心的结构都相当复杂，因此这里有一张示意图，展示了各个功能模块的分布情况。
There are dozens of rather complicated elements
其中有几十个相当复杂的元素。
in this diagram, and you can look
在这个图中，你可以仔细查看。
forward to a series of videos we’re currently planning which will explore computer architecture and how each of these sections work.
接下来，我们将介绍一系列我们目前正在策划的视频。这些视频将探讨计算机架构以及各个组成部分的工作原理。
Let’s zoom into a nanoscopic view of the integrated circuit so we can see individual transistors.
让我们将集成电路放大到纳米级视图，这样就能看到单个晶体管了。
These transistors are incredibly small, only a few nanometers wide and in this die there are approximately 8 to 10 billion.
这些晶体管的体积非常微小，宽度仅有几纳米；而在这块芯片上，大约有 80 亿到 100 亿个这样的晶体管。
On top of the transistors are multiple layers of metal wires with vias rising vertically between the layers.
在晶体管的上方，覆盖着多层金属导线；这些金属导线之间设有垂直连接的通道（即“过孔”）。
Together these transistors and wires create a multilayer labyrinth or highway resulting in a computer that can execute billions of operations every second.
这些晶体管和导线共同构成了一个多层结构的“迷宫”或“信息传输通道”，从而使计算机能够每秒执行数十亿次运算。
Let’s now zoom out and look at other sections of the CPU.
现在让我们把视角拉远，来看看 CPU 的其他部分。
To the side of each core is the shared L3 memory cache and ring interconnect.
每个核心的旁边都配备了共享的 L3 内存缓存以及环形互连结构（ring interconnect）。
On the far right is an integrated
在最右侧的是一个集成的（设备或系统）。
graphics processor which functions as a less powerful GPU; in the top left is the memory controller which sends data to and from the DRAM;
这款图形处理器实际上功能类似于一款性能较弱的显卡（GPU）。左上角是内存控制器，负责将数据传输到 DRAM（动态随机存取存储器）中，以及从 DRAM 中读取数据。
and finally on the far left is
最后，在最左边的是……
the system agent and platform I/O, which
系统代理以及平台输入/输出（I/O）功能……
communicates with the Chipset on the motherboard and manages the flow of data between many of the other components in your PC.
它与主板上的芯片组进行通信，并管理电脑中其他众多组件之间的数据传输流程。
So, with that in mind, let’s move on and look at the motherboard.
考虑到这一点，我们接下来来看看主板吧。
This motherboard is a massive, printed circuit board with thousands of wires running inside and a variety of microchips,
这块主板是一块巨大的印刷电路板，内部布满了数千根导线，同时还集成了多种微芯片。
components, sockets, ports, slots, headers and connectors soldered to it.
该部件上焊接了各种组件、插座、端口、插槽、接口以及连接器。
Perhaps the single most important and expensive
也许这是最重要且成本最高的因素（或项目）。
component, aside from the bare PCB, is
除了基本的印刷电路板（PCB）之外，该组件还包括其他部件。
the Chipset, which is this integrated circuit found underneath a heat sink down here and is connected directly to the system agent section in the CPU.
该芯片组（Chipset）实际上是一种集成电路，位于散热器下方，并直接与CPU中的系统代理模块（System Agent Module）相连。
Here’s a diagram illustrating how the CPU and chipset are connected to everything else.
以下是一张示意图，展示了中央处理器（CPU）和芯片组是如何与其他所有组件连接的。
As seen here, the CPU connects directly to the DRAM, one or two displays, the GPU, and perhaps a few SSDs plugged into the M2 slots.
如图所示，CPU 直接连接到 DRAM、一个或两个显示器、GPU，以及可能插入 M2 插槽中的几块 SSD。
The Chipset manages most everything else: data
芯片组负责管理其他所有方面：数据传输、系统资源分配等。
flowing through the ethernet or Wi-Fi, data going to and from solid state drives and hard drives plugged into the SATA ports,
数据通过以太网或 Wi-Fi 进行传输；同时，也存在于连接到 SATA 端口的固态硬盘和传统硬盘中。