Astronomy Is In Crisis...And It's Incredibly Exciting · Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell
最新太空望远镜数据挑战了我们对宇宙的理解,可能引发物理学革命。适合练习科学类词汇和复杂句型。
Our best theory of the universe could be wrong – finally.
关于宇宙的最佳理论,或许终于被证明是错误的了。
We’re going through an incredibly exciting moment.
我们正在经历一个极其激动人心的时刻。
Thanks to amazing new technology, our understanding of the universe is moving faster than it has in years.
得益于这些令人惊叹的新技术,我们对宇宙的理解正在以前所未有的速度发展。
And if we are fortunate, we could
如果我们足够幸运的话,我们或许能够……
be at the edge of the next
处于下一个阶段的边缘(即即将进入下一个发展阶段)
revolution in the way we see the cosmos – a moment as exciting as when we first realized that the Earth revolves around the Sun,
我们看待宇宙的方式正在发生革命性的变化;这一时刻同样令人兴奋,就如同我们第一次意识到地球围绕太阳旋转的那一刻一样。
that the stars are other suns, or that our galaxy is just one tiny island in an ocean of trillions.
那些星星其实就是其他恒星;或者说,我们的银河系只不过是浩瀚星海中无数星系中的一个微不足道的“小岛”罢了。
Why do we think this?
我们为什么会这么认为呢?
Because for the first time in ages, the universe is misbehaving.
因为多年来第一次,宇宙开始“不听话”(即不再按照预期的规律运行)。
Badly.
非常糟糕。
Nasty Universe For decades, we’ve had a beautiful theory of the cosmos.
这个糟糕至极的宇宙…… 几十年来,我们一直拥有一种关于宇宙的完美理论。
One that explained how the universe began, what it’s made of, and how it’s supposed to behave.
这个理论解释了宇宙是如何形成的、它由什么组成,以及它应该遵循什么样的规律(即它的运行方式)。
It matched our observations astonishingly well and made us feel like we’d almost deciphered the cosmic code.
这个结果与我们的观测结果惊人地吻合,让我们觉得自己几乎已经破译了那“宇宙密码”。
But in the last few years, as our telescopes got better and our data sharper, cracks started to appear.
但在过去的几年里,随着我们的望远镜性能不断提升、观测数据的质量也变得越来越精确,一些问题(或“裂缝”)开始显现出来。
Strange mismatches between what the theory predicted and what we actually saw.
理论预测的结果与我们实际观察到的现象之间存在明显的矛盾(即“奇怪的不匹配”)。
At first they looked like silly mistakes, noise that would go away with more data.
起初,这些错误看起来只是些无足轻重的失误,或者只是些会随着数据量的增加而消失的“噪音”(即无关紧要的干扰信号)。
But as new data came in, the opposite happened.
然而,随着新数据的出现,情况却恰恰相反。
Some cracks got larger, new ones emerged, and our once perfect picture of the cosmos began to look less and less …
一些裂缝变得更大,新的裂缝也出现了;我们曾经对宇宙所拥有的那幅“完美图景”,开始变得越来越不完整(或者说:越来越难以被完整地理解了)。
perfect.
太完美了。
Of course, this wasn’t new.
当然,这并不是什么新鲜事。
Two centuries ago, astronomers noticed that Uranus’ orbit didn’t quite follow the laws of gravity.
两个世纪前,天文学家发现天王星的轨道并不完全遵循万有引力定律的规律。
But instead of throwing those laws away, they proposed that a “dark planet” was tugging on Uranus from afar.
但他们并没有废除那些法律,而是提出了一种新的解释:认为有一颗“暗行星”从远处对天王星产生了引力作用。
Shortly after, Neptune was discovered – exactly where the math said it would be.
不久之后,海王星被发现了——其位置正好与数学计算结果相符。
But then came Mercury.
但随后水星出现了。
Its orbit also didn’t make sense, so scientists tried the same trick.
它的轨道也显得很不合理,因此科学家们尝试了同样的方法(即通过数学模型或计算机模拟来分析其运动规律)。
But this time, no new planet showed up.
但这一次,没有新的行星被发现。
The answer wasn’t more stuff, but a completely new idea.
答案并不是“再添一些东西”,而是一个全新的想法。
Gravity had to be reimagined, and we invented general relativity – opening a whole new dimension in our understanding of the universe.
人们对“重力”的理解必须重新进行思考;于是我们提出了“广义相对论”——这一理论为人类理解宇宙打开了一个全新的维度。
So are we going through a Uranus moment or a Mercury one?
那么,我们现在经历的是类似天王星的变革阶段,还是类似水星的变革阶段呢?
First Crack – Cosmic Monsters The first
《First Crack – Cosmic Monsters》(第一部)
signs that something deep could be off began piling up around 15 years ago – in the form of a few seemingly impossible cosmic monsters:
大约15年前,各种迹象开始表明某些深层次的问题可能存在;这些问题最初表现为几个看似“不可能存在”的宇宙现象(即一些极其奇特、难以解释的宇宙现象)。
A “giant arc” of galaxies over 3 billion light-years wide.
一个由星系组成的“巨大弧形结构”,宽度超过30亿光年。
A massive group of quasars spanning 4 billion light-years.
这是一个由大量类星体组成的巨大群体,其分布范围横跨了40亿光年。
A ring of galaxies 5 billion light-years across.
一个由星系组成的环状结构,直径达50亿光年。
An unfathomable wall of galaxies stretching ten billion light-years from end to end – a whopping 10% of the entire observable universe.
这是一道由无数星系组成的“无法穿透的墙”,其长度达到了100亿光年;这相当于整个可观测宇宙体积的10%。
The list goes on.
这样的例子还有很多很多……
That’s not all.
这还不是全部。
There are also monstrous voids: vast cosmic deserts with far fewer galaxies than normal.
此外,还存在一些巨大的“虚空”——这些广阔的宇宙区域中的星系数量远低于正常水平,仿佛是一片荒凉的“宇宙沙漠”。
And according to some surveys, we happen to be living deep inside one of them – a gargantuan “local hole” 2 billion light-years across.
根据一些调查结果,我们恰好生活在一个这样的“巨大空洞”之中——这个空洞的直径达到了20亿光年。
Where’s the problem?
问题出在哪里呢?