Why is Cyprus Divided? (Short Animated Documentary) · History Matters
本片讲述塞浦路斯分裂的历史原因，适合练习政治、历史和地理相关词汇。
countries, and being split into two, name a more iconic duo.
还有那些被分割成两个部分的国家……你能想到比这更具象征意义的组合吗？
And whilst Germany island and career are the most often discussed, another country with such a divide is Cyprus,
虽然德国的“岛屿与大陆”对立现象以及相关职业发展问题最常被讨论，但另一个也存在类似社会分裂问题的国家是塞浦路斯。
which, since the 1970s has been divided into two parts, or three if you count those that still belong to Britain.
自20世纪70年代以来，该地区被划分为两部分；如果算上那些仍属于英国的部分的话，实际上可以划分为三部分。
In the south sits the Republic of Cyprus, recognized by everyone, and in the north lies the Turkish Republic of northern Cyprus,
南部是塞浦路斯共和国，得到了国际社会的普遍承认；而北部则是由土耳其控制的北塞浦路斯土耳其共和国。
which is recognized only by Turkey.
这一地位仅得到土耳其的承认。
And this state of affairs raises an obvious question.
而这种状况自然引出了一个显而易见的问题。
What caused this to happen?
是什么导致了这种情况的发生？
Why is Cyprus divided?
为什么塞浦路斯会被分割成两部分？
So, before Cyprus was split, it was a British colony, which they had acquired from the Ottomans in 1878.
在塞浦路斯分裂之前，它曾是英国的殖民地。英国于 1878 年从奥斯曼帝国手中夺取了该岛。
And many of those living there were Greek Cyprias, most of whom wish to unify with Greece in a process known as anosis.
居住在那里的许多人属于希腊族塞浦路斯人，他们中的大多数希望与希腊实现统一，这一过程被称为“anosis”。
However, that's not how Empire works, and the British opted to ignore them because Cyprus' position was far too valuable to them.
然而，帝国的运作方式并非如此；英国人选择无视这些抗议，因为塞浦路斯的地理位置对英国来说具有极其重要的战略价值。
Many decades later, like most British colonies in the wake of the Second World War, Cyprus and its people pushed for independence.
几十年后，与第二次世界大战后的大多数英国殖民地一样，塞浦路斯及其人民也开始了争取独立的斗争。
In the mid -1950s, Greek Cyprias began an armed campaign which wanted to end British rule there and unify the island with Greece.
20世纪50年代中期，希腊裔塞浦路斯人发起了武装斗争，旨在结束英国对该岛的统治，并实现该岛与希腊的统一。
Of course, the British were happy to accept these demands, and just kidding, they teamed up with the Turkish Cyprias to fight back and,
当然，英国人很乐意接受这些要求；不过这只是开玩笑而已。实际上，他们与土耳其方面的塞浦路斯代表合作，共同进行了反击。
in the end, settled on giving Cyprus its independence.
最终，决定给予塞浦路斯独立。
And Britain preferred an independent Cyprus that wasn't a part of Greece, since it wanted military bases there as a forward base for the Middle East.
英国更倾向于一个独立的塞浦路斯，而不是隶属于希腊的塞浦路斯；因为英国希望在那里设立军事基地，作为进军中东的军事前哨。
Cyprus, as a small new nation, could be coerced into a green to this in return for the end of British rule.
塞浦路斯作为一个新兴的小国，可能会在英方统治结束的条件下被迫接受某些环保要求（即采取环保措施）。
Whereas Greece was a much larger established country that would be able to resist.
而希腊则是一个规模更大、根基更牢固的国家，因此有能力抵御外部威胁。
After the British had left the island, well, mostly tensions rose between the Greek and Turkish population there.
在英国人离开该岛后，希腊人与土耳其人之间的紧张关系逐渐加剧。
One of the conditions of Cypriot independence was that the Turkish minority's rights would be respected.
塞浦路斯独立的一个前提条件是必须尊重土耳其少数民族的权利。
And also, it was agreed that no one would push for a union with either Greece or Turkey nor try to partition the island.
此外，各方还达成一致意见：任何人都不应推动与希腊或土耳其建立联盟，也不应试图分割该岛屿。
And Greece, Turkey and Britain all agreed to uphold this status.
希腊、土耳其和英国都同意维护这一现状。
Despite the agreement, many Greek Cypriots, including President Makarios, felt that the Turkish were over -represented and so wanted that changed.
尽管达成了协议，许多希腊族塞浦路斯人（包括马卡里奥斯总统）仍认为土耳其族在该地区的代表性过高，因此希望这一状况能够得到改变。
Shockingly, the Turkish Cypriots didn't want this and so, a decade of impasse.
令人震惊的是，土耳其裔塞浦路斯人并不希望看到这种情况发生，因此导致了长达十年的僵局。
In 1974, feeling that Makarios wasn't doing enough, a group of the Nazis backing Cypriots aided by the dictatorship in Greece launched a coup.
1974年，由于认为马卡里奥斯（Makarios）的努力还不够，一群支持塞浦路斯人的纳粹分子在希腊独裁政权的协助下发动了政变。
Makarios spread and Niko Sampson was placed in charge and made it clear that he was going to unify Cyprus with Greece.
马卡里奥斯（Makarios）实施了相关计划，尼科·桑普森（Niko Sampson）被任命为负责人，并明确表示自己将致力于实现塞浦路斯与希腊的统一。
And now, the Turkish government was concerned
现在，土耳其政府感到非常担忧。
for the welfare of Turkish Cypriots who were subject to growing violence and so asked Britain to help them intervene.
为了那些日益遭受暴力侵害的土耳其裔塞浦路斯人的福祉，他们请求英国协助进行干预。
And the British said no.
英国人拒绝了。
And for this, they had two reasons.
他们之所以这样做，有两个原因。
The first was that they were too busy being poor.
第一个问题是：他们太忙于过贫困的生活了（即他们把大部分精力都放在应对贫困带来的各种挑战上）。
And the second was that those in government, above all else, wanted to keep their military bases.
其次，政府中的那些人最看重的是如何保住他们的军事基地。
And thus, by not picking a side,
因此，通过不选择任何一方，
it was hoped that they could leverage the fact that they didn't oppose the eventual winners to keep their territory on Cyprus.
人们希望他们能够利用这样一个事实：即他们并不反对最终的获胜者，从而保住自己在塞浦路斯的领土。
As a result, Turkey opted to proceed alone.
因此，土耳其决定独自继续推进相关事宜。
Turkish troops landed here and they very quickly and easily pushed Greek Cypriot forces back across the island.
土耳其军队在这里登陆后，迅速而轻松地将希腊塞浦路斯军队逼回了岛屿的另一侧。
This was condemned by the United States, who didn't want to NATO members going to war and break in the alliance,
美国对此表示谴责，因为它不希望北约成员国卷入战争，从而导致联盟的分裂。
but generally, most countries were sympathetic to the Turkish.
但总体而言，大多数国家对土耳其人持同情态度。
All of this embarrassed the military government in Greece and fears over all out war led to the collapse of the regime there.
所有这些事件都让希腊的军政府感到尴尬；人们对全面战争的担忧最终导致了该政权的垮台。
Whilst the Greeks were busy becoming a democracy again, the Turkish opted to push even further across Cyprus.
当希腊人正忙于重新建立民主制度时，土耳其人却选择进一步向塞浦路斯推进他们的领土扩张计划。