CLASS 10 LIFE PROCESSES FULL CHAPTER (Animation)| PART - 1 | NCERT Science chapter 6| Nutrition · Grade booster
本视频讲解了生命活动的基本概念，重点介绍营养这一重要过程，包括自养和异养营养，以及光合作用的原理和实验。适合练习生物相关词汇和理解生命过程。
Life processes, all living things are made up of cells.
生命过程：所有生物都是由细胞构成的。
If we observe the cells of an organism,
如果我们观察一个生物体的细胞，
we can find that there is a continuous movement of molecules into the cell and out of the cell.
我们可以观察到，分子不断地在细胞内外移动。
Cells need molecules to get energy and to build new complex molecules.
细胞需要分子来获取能量，并利用这些分子构建新的复杂化合物。
In the same way, cells need to send out the waste molecules that are generated during their metabolic activities.
同样地，细胞也需要将代谢活动过程中产生的废物分子排出体外。
So, a continuous inward and outward movement of molecules is required for a cell to survive.
因此，细胞要想存活，就必须有分子持续不断地向内和向外运动。
Organisms like plants and animals are made up of millions of cells.
植物和动物等生物体由数百万个细胞组成。
Then how do supply of new molecules to these cells and removal of waste molecules from these cells takes place?
那么，新分子是如何被输送到这些细胞中的，同时又如何将废物分子从这些细胞中清除出去的呢？
Which processes help the organisms to do this difficult job?
哪些生理过程帮助生物体完成这项艰巨的任务？
Life processes are a set of processes that help the organisms to do this job.
生命过程是一系列有助于生物体完成其生存与繁衍任务的生理机制。
The processes that help the organisms to maintain and repair their bodies are called life processes.
那些帮助生物体维持和修复自身身体的过程被称为生命过程。
Nutrition, respiration, transportation and excretion are the four important life processes that help the organisms in their survival.
营养、呼吸、运输和排泄是四种重要的生命过程，它们帮助生物体维持生存。
Nutrition, all living organisms need food to live, but the way by which they obtain their food is different in different animals.
营养：所有生物都需要食物来维持生命，但不同动物获取食物的方式各不相同。
The way of obtaining food, digestion and absorption of food comes under nutrition.
获取食物的方式，以及食物的消化和吸收过程，都属于营养学的范畴。
So nutrition is the first and most important life processes.
因此，营养是生命过程中最基本、最重要的因素。
Types of Nutrition,
营养的类型
Autotropic Nutrition, 2.
自养营养（Autotropic Nutrition），第2章
Heterotropic Nutrition.
异养营养（Heterotropic Nutrition）：生物从外部环境中获取营养物质并进行代谢的过程。
Let us see Autotropic Nutrition.
让我们来看看自养营养（Autotropic Nutrition）吧。
Autotropic nutrition is the process by which green plants,
自养营养是指绿色植物通过自身光合作用制造养分的过程。
algae and some bacteria make their own food using simple inorganic substances like carbon dioxide and water with sunlight as the energy source.
藻类和某些细菌能够利用二氧化碳、水等简单的无机物质，在阳光的照射下自行制造食物。
Autotropic Nutrition in Plants.
植物的自养营养。
Plants make glucose by using simple inorganic materials like water, carbon dioxide in presence of sunlight and with the help of chlorophyll.
植物在阳光的照射下，利用水、二氧化碳等简单的无机物质，并借助叶绿素的作用，生成葡萄糖。
This process is called photosynthesis.
这个过程被称为光合作用。
During this process organisms also produce oxygen which is very important for the survival of the organisms.
在这个过程中，生物体还会产生氧气，而氧气对它们的生存至关重要。
Here, we can see the chemical equation of photosynthesis,
在这里，我们可以看到光合作用的化学方程式。
6CO2 plus 12H2O gives rise to C6H12O6 that is glucose plus 6O2 that is oxygen plus 6H2O that is water.
6个二氧化碳分子（6CO2）与12个水分子（12H2O）反应，生成1个葡萄糖分子（C6H12O6）以及6个氧气分子（6O2）和6个水分子（6H2O）。
So this reaction takes place in presence of sunlight and with the help of chlorophyll.
因此，这种反应是在阳光的作用下，并借助叶绿素的参与而发生的。
Plants use this glucose for their energy requirements.
植物利用这种葡萄糖来满足自身的能量需求。
The remaining glucose is converted into starch and stored in different parts for future use.
剩余的葡萄糖会被转化为淀粉，并储存在不同的部位，以备将来使用。
Oxygen is released out into the atmosphere.
氧气被释放到大气中。
So from this equation we can understand that the raw materials or reactants of this reaction
从这个方程式中我们可以看出，这个反应的原材料（即反应物）就是……
are carbon dioxide and water.
二氧化碳和水就是这些产物。
The products are glucose and oxygen and the conditions and apparatus required are sunlight
这些产物是葡萄糖和氧气；所需的条件和设备就是阳光。
and chlorophyll.
以及叶绿素。
Let us see how plants acquire their raw materials.
让我们来看看植物是如何获取所需原材料的。
Plants obtain carbon dioxide through tiny pores called stomata located on the surface of leaves.
植物通过位于叶片表面的微小气孔（称为“气孔”）吸收二氧化碳。
Leaves play a major role in exchange of gases in plants.
叶子在植物的气体交换过程中起着重要作用。
However, gas exchange also occurs across the surface of stems, roots and other parts of the plant.
然而，气体交换也发生在植物的茎、根以及其他部位的表面。
To prevent excessive water loss, plants regulate the opening and closing up stomatal pores.
为了防止水分过度流失，植物会调节气孔的开闭。