The Highland Clearances of Scotland (A Short Documentary) · Pilgrim Kat
讲述苏格兰高地清场的历史，涉及社区、文化与被迫迁移。适合练习阅读理解与历史背景词汇。
The highlands of Scotland, known for the immense beauty, legends of old, and one of the last wild sparsely populated places in Europe.
苏格兰的高地以其令人叹为观止的自然美景、古老的传说以及作为欧洲最后一片原始、人口稀少的自然区域而闻名。
The rugged terrain and wild weather may cause you to think that it's always been this way,
崎岖的地形和恶劣的天气可能会让你觉得这里一直都是这个样子。
but there was a time when these lands weren't quite so empty.
但曾经有一段时间，这些土地并不像现在这样荒凉、无人居住。
So I am here in Argyel on a very dreary day,
今天天气非常阴沉，我正在阿吉埃尔（Argyel）这里。
and the ruins that you see behind me are the remains of an old crafting settlement by the name of Arachonnen.
你在我身后看到的那些废墟，是一处名为“阿拉科嫩”（Arachonnen）的古老手工艺聚落的遗迹。
This is one of many all across the highlands where people once lived and worked.
这是高地上众多类似场所中的一个；过去，人们曾在这里生活和工作。
The principle of Duhus, under the Highland Clan System, gave people the native right to rent and live on the land of the ancestors.
根据高地氏族制度，杜胡斯（Duhus）原则赋予人们一项固有的权利：他们可以租用并居住在祖先留下的土地上。
For many, this meant living in crafting communities, called townships.
对许多人来说，这意味着要生活在被称为“镇区”（townships）的手工艺社区中。
The language spoken was Scottish Gaelic, with kinship raining at the heart of Gaelic culture.
当时使用的语言是苏格兰盖尔语（Scottish Gaelic），而亲属关系在盖尔文化中占据着核心地位。
Days would be spent working on the craft, in evenings and gatherings of music, dance and storytelling.
白天人们会用来学习各种手工艺；晚上则会有音乐演奏、舞蹈表演以及故事分享的活动。
Life would have been simple and hard, but with a rich sense of home and community.
生活虽然简单而艰辛，但却充满了归属感与社区凝聚力（即人们对家庭和社区的深厚情感）。
When the clan chiefs began to see themselves more as landlords, however, things began to change.
然而，当部落首领们开始将自己视为地主时，情况便开始发生变化了。
The eviction was carried out forcibly by the land officers of Lord McDonald's estates.
这次驱逐行动是由麦克唐纳勋爵（Lord McDonald）所属地产公司的管理人员强行执行的。
The milk basins being poured outside and the cottage wrecked so that the people could not return.
牛奶被倒在了外面的容器里，小屋也被毁坏了，人们因此无法返回。
She looked out into the darkness and saw a red glow opposite.
她凝视着黑暗中的远方，发现对面的方向有一道红色的光芒。
She asked what it was, and her mother said in a grim voice,
她问那是什么，她的母亲用一种严肃的语气回答道：
they are putting fire to the day that people have been put out.
他们正在纵火焚烧那些本已被扑灭的“火焰”（即那些已经平息的矛盾或冲突）。
Throughout the 1800s, around 150 ,000 islanders were forced to move from their homes.
在整个19世纪期间，约有15万名岛民被迫离开自己的家园。
These were under the guise of improvements by wealthy landowners, which is to say that they deemed sheep to be more profitable than tenants.
这些措施实际上是富有的土地所有者打着“改进生产条件”的幌子实施的；换句话说，他们认为养羊比出租土地更能带来利润。
These evictions were ugly affairs with people being dragged out of their homes, no matter whether they were frail or elderly,
这些驱逐行为极其恶劣：人们被强行赶出自己的家园，无论他们身体虚弱还是年事已高。
and the rifts being set ablaze so that people couldn't return.
那些裂隙被点燃了，人们因此无法重返原地。
Many people died during the clearances, though here in Arachonnen, they did put up a pretty famous fight,
在清理行动中，许多人丧生了。不过在阿拉乔嫩（Arachonnen），当地人民进行了一场相当著名的抵抗战斗。
and it took quite a few tries before they could get them all
他们尝试了很多次才终于把所有东西都弄到手。
It all came to the same end, though.
不过，最终的结果都是一样的。
A beautiful community, a township,
一个美丽的社区，一个乡镇……
left in ruins, abandoned.
被遗弃在废墟之中，无人问津。
But the question is, for those who survived,
但问题是，对于那些幸存下来的人来说……
where did they end up?
他们最后去了哪里？
Some travelled to the coast where they settled down as fishermen, a far more dangerous and less stable occupation than their previous work.
有些人前往沿海地区，在那里以渔民的身份定居下来。这种职业比他们之前的工作危险得多，也不稳定。
Some boarded ships to go to America and in particular Canada, seeking solace in the new world.
有些人登上船只前往美洲，尤其是加拿大，希望在新的世界里寻找慰藉。
Others went to Australia and New Zealand, responding to the demand for manual labourers.
还有一些人前往澳大利亚和新西兰，那里对体力劳动者有较大的需求。
Still others were forced to move to lowland industrial cities such as Glasgow,
还有一些人被迫迁往格拉斯哥这样的低地工业城市。
where they found work in factories and shipyards.
他们在工厂和造船厂找到了工作。
With the dissolution of the clan system and all the evictions also came the diminishing of Gallic culture and language,
随着氏族制度的解体以及大规模的驱逐行为，高卢文化和语言也逐渐衰落了。
as highlanders were forced to adopt the language and culture and customs of the places that they moved to.
由于高地居民被迫接受他们迁往之地的语言、文化以及风俗习惯，这种情况便应运而生。
Though Gallic is currently an official language in Scotland, it is an endangered one with just under 60 ,000 speakers.
尽管高卢语目前仍是苏格兰的官方语言，但它属于濒危语言——使用者仅有约6万人。
However, that is not all that there is to the story.
然而，事情并没有那么简单。
This is the Gallic Centre in Glasgow, where Gallic culture and language continues to be promoted.
这是位于格拉斯哥的“高卢文化中心”，在这里，高卢文化和语言得到了持续的保护与推广。
Glasgow is the most populated and diverse city in Scotland and with a heritage of highlander migration,
格拉斯哥是苏格兰人口最多、文化最多元化的城市。这座城市的历史与高地居民的迁徙历史紧密相连。
it's no surprise that it's here that Gallic culture continues to thrive.
毫不奇怪，高卢文化在这里依然得以繁荣发展。