The Dark side of Science: The Milgram Experiment (1963) (Short Documentary) · Plainly Difficult
揭秘米尔格拉姆实验，探讨人们在权威面前的服从行为。适合练习英语听力与理解实验研究类内容。
The milgram experiment.
米尔格拉姆实验。
How can a regular person be talked into committing heinous acts upon another person, and could you be convinced to maybe injure or potentially kill someone?
一个普通人是如何被说服去对他人实施残忍行为的呢？你又会不会被说服去伤害甚至杀害他人呢？
I’m not talking about self defence or during war on the battlefield, but upon someone you have never met before and have had no interaction previously.
我这里说的不是自卫行为，也不是战争中的战场情况，而是指那些你从未见过、之前也从未有过任何交流的人。
How can perfectly normal people commit a genocide, like what we saw in the 1930s and 1940s in europe,
那些完全正常的人究竟是如何犯下种族灭绝罪的呢？就像我们在20世纪30年代和40年代的欧洲所目睹的那样……
or in cambodia in the 1970s amongst other events, what causes people to be active particpetents in crimes against humanity.
或者在20世纪70年代的柬埔寨，以及其他一些事件中，究竟是什么促使人们成为犯下反人类罪行的积极参与者呢？
If we take Germany in the 1930’s
以20世纪30年代的德国为例……
as an example what caused a large
举个例子来说，是什么导致了这种情况（即某种“大规模”或“严重”的后果）？
part of a modern country to be willing in the pogrom of people that had been their neighbours and community members for years.
一个现代国家的一部分居民，竟然会参与对那些多年来一直与他们为邻、同属一个社区的民众的迫害行为。
It really is a fascinating thought experiment, as when you think to yourself I could never do something like this or like this?
这确实是一个非常引人入胜的思想实验。当你心里想“我绝对不可能做出这样的事情”或者“我绝对不可能做出那样的事情”时，你就会陷入深深的思考之中。
But what would it actually take for you to pull the trigger, push a button, or pull a lever?
但实际上，你需要什么才能真正按下扳机、按钮或操纵杆呢？
Well this is where a psychologist set
嗯，这时候就需要心理学家介入了。
out to see what would be the
出去看看会发生什么……
minimum amount of suggestion for a regular person to administer a deadly electric shock to someone they had never met before.
对于一个普通人来说，要想对一个从未见过的人施加致命的电击，至少需要一些提示或暗示。
The simple but effective study would come to be known by its inventors name the Milgram experiment.
这项简单却有效的实验后来被以其发明者的名字命名，称为“米尔格拉姆实验”（Milgram Experiment）。
The actual experiment would not result in
实际的实验并不会产生预期的结果。
any physical pain, but extreme stress and inflicted insight suffered by the participants instead would create controversy with the study.
虽然参与者可能会感到身体上的疼痛，但真正引发争议的应该是他们所承受的极端压力以及被迫面对的那些令人痛苦的真相（或深刻的认识）。
As such i'm going to rate it Here 5 on my ethics scale,
因此，我会在我的道德评估体系中给它打5分。
this is mainly due to it being
这主要是由于……
such a fascinating dive into our hard wired ability to obey an authority figure even to the point of murder.
这是一次对人类天性中“服从权威”这一行为的深入探讨——这种行为甚至可能发展到谋杀的地步。
Welcome to the dark side of science.
欢迎来到科学的“黑暗面”。
Stanley Milgram was an american social psychologist,
斯坦利·米尔格拉姆（Stanley Milgram）是一位美国社会心理学家。
born on August 15, 1933, in the Bronx, New york, his parents were jewish and had fled Romania and Hungary during the first world war.
他出生于1933年8月15日，纽约布朗克斯区。他的父母是犹太人，在第一次世界大战期间从罗马尼亚和匈牙利逃到了美国。
His background and family ties to europe would have an important effect on his later studies into social psychology,
他的欧洲背景以及家族与欧洲的渊源，对他的后来在社会心理学领域的研究产生了重要影响。
as word came back to the Milgram family during the late 30’s and 40’s of the atrocities inflicted by the Nazi regeme.
20世纪30年代末至40年代期间，当米尔格拉姆家族逐渐了解到纳粹政权所犯下的暴行时，他们感到无比震惊和悲痛。
Although in relative safety in the USA, many of Stanley’s family members were directly effected by the holocaust,
虽然在美国相对安全，但斯坦利的许多家庭成员都直接受到了大屠杀的影响。
after the war, some survining members of the family came to stay whilst finding a new life in the US.
战后，一些幸存的家族成员来到美国，在寻找新生活的同时暂时定居下来。
A Young Stanley was exposed to the horrors experienced by his relatives and this would stay with him,
年轻的斯坦利目睹了亲人所经历的种种恐怖遭遇，这些记忆一直伴随着他。
igniting an interest into the darker side of human nature.
这种探讨引发了人们对人性阴暗面的兴趣。
In 1954, Milgram received his bachelor's degree in political science from Queens College in New York, initial applications to Harvard for a psychology masters,
1954年，米尔格拉姆从纽约皇后学院获得了政治学学士学位。随后，他首次向哈佛大学申请攻读心理学硕士学位。
were rejected but was eventually admitted.
起初被拒绝了，但最终还是被录取了。
The initial setbacks were due to Milgram not taking any undergraduate courses in psychology at Queens College.
最初的挫折源于米尔格拉姆在皇后学院就读期间并未修读过任何心理学相关的本科课程。
In 1961, Milgram received a PhD in social psychology, he became an assistant professor at Yale around the same time.
1961年，米尔格拉姆获得了社会心理学博士学位，同年开始在耶鲁大学担任助理教授。
Later on he served as an assistant
后来，他担任了助理一职。
professor in the Department of Social Relations at Harvard from 1963 to 1966 and this brings us very quickly onto his obedience study,
1963年至1966年间，他在哈佛大学社会关系系担任教授。接下来，我们很快就会谈到他的“服从性研究”（即关于人们如何服从权威的研究）。
more commonly known as the milgram experiment.
这个实验更广为人知的名称是“米尔格拉姆实验”（Milgram Experiment）。
Stanleys experience of relatives going through the holocaust coupled with the arrest and trial of Adulf eichman in 1961,
斯坦利亲眼目睹了他的亲属们在二战大屠杀中遭受的苦难；同时，1961年阿道夫·艾希曼也被逮捕并接受了审判。这些经历让他对战争与暴行的影响有了更深刻的认识。
sparked an interest into finding out what could make seemingly average people take part in atrocities.
这引发了我想要了解的兴趣：究竟是什么因素促使那些看似普通的人会参与暴行。
Eichman organized the logistics of the deportation of Jews during the holocaust.
艾希曼在大屠杀期间负责组织犹太人被驱逐出境的相关后勤工作。
He made deportation plans down to the last detail.
他将驱逐计划制定得非常详细，甚至连最微小的细节都考虑到了。
Working with other German agencies, he also determined how the property of deported Jews would be seized.
在与其他德国机构的合作中，他还确定了如何没收被驱逐的犹太人的财产。