The Canadian Revolution: Explained (Short Animated Documentary) · History Matters
本片讲述加拿大历史上的一次武装革命，适合练习历史背景和政治术语。了解加拿大如何从英国殖民地走向独立，学习相关词汇和表达。
Canada has always had a reputation as being the well -behaved British colony.
加拿大一直被誉为一个行为规范、守规矩的英国殖民地。
Whilst its southern neighbour, Rebelden broke free, the British Northern Territory stayed loyal and wanted nothing to do with it.
当其南部邻国“Rebelden”宣布独立时，英国的北领地却依然保持忠诚，不愿与该国发生任何瓜葛。
Yet, Canada, like so many other territories of the British Empire, did have its own armed revolution, which would be a surprise to many.
然而，加拿大与英帝国的许多其他领土一样，也经历了自己的武装革命——这可能会让许多人感到惊讶。
So, Canada didn't really exist at this point and was actually a series of British colonies.
因此，在那个时候，加拿大实际上并不存在，而是一系列英国的殖民地。
The two important ones were Upper Canada,
其中两个重要的地区是上加拿大（Upper Canada）。
Capital Toronto, and to its north, Lower Canada, focused on Montreal and being host to a majority French -speaking population.
多伦多是该地区的行政中心；其北部地区（即下加拿大）则以蒙特利尔为核心，当地居民大多使用法语。
Throughout the early 19th century, the people of these two Canada's had wished for wide -sweeping reforms to the colonies.
在整个19世纪初期，这两个地区的居民都希望对这些殖民地实施全面的改革。
And the answer, in case you were wondering, was no.
如果你还在疑惑的话，答案是否定的。
This was because both of the Canada's were run by closed off anti -democratic oligarchic collectives.
这是因为加拿大的这两个政权都由那些封闭保守、反民主的寡头集团所掌控。
In Lower Canada, it was the Chateau
在下加拿大地区，那座建筑被称为“城堡”（Château）。
Cleek made up of mostly Englishmen who wanted the French speakers there to integrate to an English way of life,
这个组织（Cleek）的成员主要由英国人组成，他们希望当地的法语使用者能够融入英国的生活方式中。
which in case you're wondering did not endear them to the population.
如果你想知道的话，这件事并没有让他们受到民众的喜爱（或者说：这件事并没有增加他们在民众心中的好感）。
In Upper Canada, it was the family compact in charge and it was also hostile to democracy.
在 upper Canada（上加拿大地区），家庭关系网络占据主导地位，而且该地区对民主制度持敌对态度。
These groups obviously had their critics.
这些团体显然也有一些批评者。
In Upper Canada, the primary critic was William Leon Mackenzie, who led the reform movement.
在上加拿大地区，主要的批评者是威廉·莱昂·麦肯齐（William Leon Mackenzie），他领导了改革运动。
And in Lower Canada, it was Louis Joseph Papagnu, the leader of a group called the Patriots.
在下加拿大地区，这个人是路易斯·约瑟夫·帕帕格努（Louis Joseph Papagnu），他是名为“爱国者”（Patriots）的组织的领导人。
In 1832, after some protesters in Montreal were shot by ground soldiers,
1832年，在蒙特利尔的一些抗议者遭到地面部队士兵开枪射击后……
Papagnu sent a list of demands to the British government in order to reform the colony.
帕帕格努向英国政府提交了一份要求清单，旨在推动该殖民地的改革。
Britain and the Lower Canadian leaders decided that they weren't going to launch any reforms and that actually everything was perfect already.
英国及下加拿大地区的领导人决定：他们不会推行任何改革措施，因为实际上一切都已经非常完美了。
And over the next five years, tensions continued to rise and the deadlock continued.
在接下来的五年里，紧张局势持续升级，僵局依然没有得到解决。
In November 1837, things started to turn a bit radical and the Lower Canadian government attempted to arrest Papagnu.
1837年11月，局势开始变得激进起来，下加拿大政府试图逮捕帕帕格努（Papagnu）。
He fled south to the United States and his supporters began to violently resist government attempts to round people up.
他逃往美国南部，而他的支持者们则开始暴力抵抗政府试图将这些人集中起来的行动。
The government wasn't able to suppress this quickly and it soon turned into a full -scale revolt against British rule.
政府未能迅速镇压这场叛乱，很快它就演变成了一场针对英国统治的全面反抗运动。
In Upper Canada, seeing their neighbours revolt there in full swing, Mackenzie and his followers followed suit and began their own uprising.
在上加拿大地区，看到邻国那里的起义已经全面爆发，麦肯齐和他的追随者们也纷纷效仿，开始了自己的反抗运动。
They did well at first because the troops there had been moved out of the province but the revolutionaries had one major issue.
起初他们进展顺利，因为当地的军队已经被调出了该省；然而，革命者们面临一个重大问题。
They weren't professional soldiers.
他们并不是职业军人。
This didn't stop Mackenzie from declaring the creation of the Republic of Canada which then promptly collapsed as the revolutionaries were defeated by local militiamen.
但这并没有阻止麦肯齐宣布成立“加拿大共和国”；然而这个共和国很快就瓦解了，因为革命者们被当地的民兵部队击败了。
You would assume that that was it then for the Canadian Revolution but fun fact no.
你可能会认为加拿大革命就此结束了，但事实上并非如此。
The rebellion had garnered a great deal of interest in the United States and many there were sympathetic to the Canadian's plight.
这场叛乱在美国引起了极大的关注，许多人同情加拿大人的处境。
Some Americans formed groups which welcomed Mackenzie and Papagnu and sought to help them in making Canada a republic.
一些美国人组成了团体，欢迎麦肯齐（Mackenzie）和帕帕格努（Papagnu），并试图帮助他们将加拿大建设成为一个共和国。
This eventually led to a group of
这最终导致了一群人的出现。
American volunteers called the Hunter Brothers crossing the border in invading Canada and it wasn't long before British troops killed Americans which inflamed tensions.
美国志愿者发现亨特兄弟正试图越过边境入侵加拿大。不久之后，英国军队开枪击死了这些美国人，这进一步加剧了双方之间的紧张局势。
Now obviously armed American citizens invading Canada was a cause for concern in both London and Washington who didn't want war.
显然，携带武器的美国公民入侵加拿大这一事件令伦敦和华盛顿都感到担忧，因为双方都不希望爆发战争。
In the end both sides came to
最终，双方都达成了某种共识（或协议）。
an agreement to suppress Americans crossing the border and in Canada itself the lower Canadian rebellion had been completely crushed by the end of 1838.
双方达成协议，共同阻止美国人越过边境；在加拿大境内，针对加拿大南部地区的叛乱也在 1838 年底被彻底镇压。
So what did this mean for Canada and the rebels?
那么，这对加拿大和叛乱分子来说意味着什么呢？
Well Britain wanted to prevent a rebellion from happening again and so it tasked Lord Durham to make a list of recommendations for reform.
英国希望防止类似叛乱再次发生，因此委托达勒姆勋爵制定一份改革建议清单。
The first and the only one that
第一个，也是唯一一个……
was initially followed was the unification of
最初采取的措施是实现……的统一。
the Canada's interjust one Canada and as for the leaders of the rebellion they remained in exile in the USA.
加拿大的统治者继续掌控着整个国家；至于那些发动叛乱的领导人，他们则一直流亡在美国。