The ART of MONEY LAUNDERING (Mini Documentary) · Game The System
揭秘洗钱的三个步骤，了解如何将非法资金伪装成合法收入。适合练习金融词汇和逻辑表达。
Let's say you're a criminal with millions or even billions of dollars, but you have one big problem:
假设你是一名罪犯，拥有数百万甚至数十亿美元的资金，但你面临一个严重的问题：
Transferring large sums of money or carrying suitcases full of cash will raise eyebrows.
转移大笔资金或携带装满现金的行李箱肯定会引起他人的怀疑（或注意）。
You need to launder the dough to
你需要把那些非法所得的钱“洗白”（即通过合法途径使其看起来像是合法收入）。
make the dirty money appear to be clean money, so that then it can be spent anywhere in the world (say,
将这些非法所得伪装成“合法”资金，这样就可以在世界任何地方随意使用了（比如说……）
on real estate, luxury yachts, strip clubs) no questions asked.
在房地产、豪华游艇或脱衣舞俱乐部等领域，无需任何询问（即可进行相关交易）。
Fear not.
不要害怕。
With a little financial detergent, your dirty money can become more or less untraceable.
通过一些简单的财务操作，你的“黑钱”就可以变得几乎无法被追踪了。
China leads the world in this ancient art.
中国在这一古老艺术领域处于世界领先地位。
Between 2002 and 2011, some $1.08 trillion
在2002年至2011年期间，相关支出约为1.08万亿美元。
departed the country illegally, despite currency-control laws
尽管有货币管制法规，此人仍非法离开了该国。
that require people to obtain a permit to exchange more than $50,000 a year worth of yuan into any foreign currency.
根据这些规定，如果个人每年需要将价值超过 5 万美元的人民币兑换成任何外币，就必须事先获得相应的许可。
But this is a truly international pastime.
但这确实是一种真正具有国际性的消遣方式。
Corrupt politicians, drug cartels, alimony deadbeats, nearly everybody's doing it.
腐败的政客、贩毒集团、逃避支付抚养费的混蛋……几乎所有人都在干这种事。
When it comes to money laundering there are three main steps to doing it right.
在洗钱活动中，要正确完成这一过程，主要需要遵循三个步骤。
The first step is the placement.
第一步是进行物品的摆放。
Placement is the stage when the money enters the financial system for the first time.
资金投放”（Placement）是指资金首次进入金融系统的那个阶段。
In this step, the money may be deposited in a bank, added to the accounts of an existing business or disguised as a transaction.
在这一步骤中，资金可以被存入银行、添加到现有企业的账户中，或者以某种交易的形式进行隐蔽处理。
The placement is usually achieved through a series of regular small transactions.
这种安排通常是通过一系列定期进行的、金额较小的交易来实现的。
If you are a criminal and you make the mistake of a large amount of cash you are probably gonna get caught right away.
如果你是个罪犯，还犯下了持有大量现金的错误，那么你很可能会立刻被抓住。
Of course, many people who attempt money laundering schemes have no past experience and don't know what behavior is likely to be flagged.
当然，许多试图实施洗钱活动的人此前没有任何相关经验，也不知道哪些行为可能会引起警方的注意（即哪些行为属于可疑行为）。
This step is widely considered to be the riskiest.
这一步骤被普遍认为是风险最高的。
If the deposits are scrutinized at this stage, none of the justifications that will exist later in the scheme will yet be in place.
如果在这个阶段就对相关存款进行审查，那么在后续实施该计划过程中所提出的所有理由（或借口）届时都还尚未成立（即这些理由在那个时候还无法被用来为某些行为或决策提供正当性）。
The second step of money laundering is the layering.
洗钱的第二个步骤是“分层处理”（即通过多个复杂的金融交易将资金隐藏起来）。
Layering is the stage where the illicit money is put together with legitimate money or placed in constant motion.
分层处理”（Layering）是指将非法所得与合法资金混合在一起，或使其持续处于流动状态的过程。
Layering usually involves generating so many intricate transactions that the dirty cash disappears into them.
这种“层层掩盖”的操作通常涉及生成大量复杂的交易记录，从而将非法所得（即“脏钱”）隐藏在这些交易之中。
Illicit money can be used to gamble,
非法所得的资金可能被用于赌博。
then placed into stocks, then shuffled around in different currencies and then used to buy financial products like life insurance policies.
这些资金随后被存入银行账户，接着在不同货币之间进行转换（即进行货币兑换），最后被用来购买金融产品，比如人寿保险单。
Layering can work in dramatically different ways depending on the scheme.
根据不同的设计方案，层次感的运用方式可能会有显著差异。
In all schemes, however, the purpose of
然而，在所有这些方案中，其目的都是……
the layering stage is to make it
分层阶段的作用就是实现这一目标（即让系统或产品具备所需的功能或特性）。
difficult for even a skilled accountant to differentiate between money that came from legal transactions and money that came from funds that were placed for laundering.
即使对于经验丰富的会计师来说，也很难区分那些来自合法交易的资金与那些被用于洗钱的资金。
While layering is typically a safer stage than placement, those who are not careful often can still be caught easily if they make mistakes.
虽然分层处理通常比直接放置物品更为安全，但如果不小心的话，仍然很容易出错并因此受到惩罚。
For example, if a business that averaged $5,000 in transactions a day for years were to suddenly start processing $10,000 in transactions a day,
例如，如果一家企业多年来每天的平均交易额为5000美元，而突然有一天其每天的交易额增加到了10000美元，
it might attract scrutiny.
这可能会引起人们的关注（或审查）。
The third and last step is integration.
第三步，也是最后一步，是系统的集成（即各个组件或模块之间的协同工作）。
Integration is the stage where the money re-enters the legitimate economy.
在“整合阶段”，这些资金重新流入了合法的经济体系。
When the money appears to come from legal businesses or investments, or the trail has become too difficult to follow,
当这些资金看似来自合法的企业或投资项目，或者资金来源的踪迹已经变得难以追踪时……
the money can then be placed into larger-scale investments.
这些资金随后可以用于规模更大的投资项目中。
Integrated cash is often placed into luxurious assets, properties, long-term investments, and new businesses.
这些整合后的资金通常会被用于购买豪华资产、房地产、进行长期投资或创办新企业。
Integrated cash may be used to purchase assets that can be used to facilitate future money laundering more safely.
这些整合后的资金可以用来购买某些资产，而这些资产日后可用于更安全地实施洗钱活动。