Ten Minute History - World War 2: Free and Vichy France (Short Documentary) · History Matters
本视频讲述1936年法国选举后的政治局势，涵盖左翼联盟、经济问题、右翼势力及国际局势，适合练习历史背景和政治词汇。
1936 and France is having an election, so French politics at this point can largely be described as a dumpster fire.
1936年，法国举行了大选。此时的法国政治状况简直可以用“一团糟”来形容。
They were divisive, violent and ruling was extremely difficult.
他们具有分裂性、暴力倾向，因此进行统治极其困难。
This election was won by a left -wing coalition called the Popular Front, with a man called Leon Bloom taking over as prime minister.
这次选举由一个名为“人民阵线”的左翼联盟获胜，莱昂·布鲁姆（Leon Bloom）当选为总理。
Side note, France did have a president at this point, but he wasn't important.
顺便提一下，当时法国确实有一位总统，但他并没有什么实际影响力（或者说他的作用并不重要）。
Anyway, with the elections behind them and a clear mandate, you'd think that governing France would be less difficult.
无论如何，既然选举已经结束，而且政府也获得了明确的授权，人们可能会认为治理法国应该会变得容易一些。
But fun fact, no.
不过有个有趣的小知识：其实并不是这样。
The government needed to sort out the economy because Great Depression, which was made more difficult when large -scale strikes broke out across the country.
政府必须整顿经济秩序，因为当时正处于大萧条时期，而全国范围内大规模罢工的爆发更是加剧了经济困境。
These were settled with what were called the matineon agreements, which saw the introduction of a 40 -hour work week as well as better paying conditions.
这些问题通过所谓的“晨间协议”得到了解决；这些协议规定了每周工作40小时，并改善了员工的薪酬待遇。
Bloom's government also had to deal with the right -wing paramilitary league,
布卢姆的政府还不得不应对右翼准军事组织。
Le Quard de Fue, the cross of fire led by Army veteran Francois de la Rock.
Le Quard de Fue”——这是一片由陆军老兵弗朗索瓦·德·拉·罗克（Francois de la Rock）指挥的“火线交叉区”（即充满危险和冲突的区域）。
The government came up with the subtle way of doing this.
政府想出了一个巧妙的方法来实施这一计划。
They banned them.
他们禁止了这些东西。
This didn't stop conservatives in France from fearing the worst, though.
不过，这并没有阻止法国的保守派人士对最糟糕的情况感到担忧。
In fact, many believed that the victory
事实上，许多人认为这场胜利……
of the Popular Front with its communist support heralded the coming of a communist revolution in France with the support of the USSR.
在苏联的支持下，人民阵线（该阵线得到了共产党的支持）的出现预示着法国共产主义革命的到来。
These fears were misplaced, though, and the Popular Front would suffer from the same instability and infighting that the previous coalitions had dealt with.
然而，这些担忧其实是毫无根据的；人民阵线最终还是陷入了与前几届联合政府相同的不稳定局面和内部分歧之中。
Bloom resigned in 1937 and was replaced by Camille Chanton, who frankly didn't do much.
布鲁姆于 1937 年辞职，由卡米尔·尚通接任。不过说实话，卡米尔·尚通并没有做出什么显著的贡献。
His government collapsed in early 1938, and thus Bloom returned, for less than a month.
他的政府在1938年初垮台了，因此布鲁姆重新上任，但任职时间不足一个月。
Bloom was replaced by Edward de la Dier in April, and de la Dier's government was focused, not on France's internal problems,
布卢姆于四月被爱德华·德·拉·迪尔取代。德·拉·迪尔的政府并未将注意力放在法国的内部问题上。
but instead upon Germany, which are recently annexed Austria, which it wasn't supposed to do.
然而，他们的目标却变成了德国——德国最近还吞并了奥地利，而这本不应该发生。
This was followed up by Germany's leader, a certain Adolf Hitler, from demanding this area, the Sudetenland from France's Storne Chalai Czechoslovakia.
随后，德国领导人阿道夫·希特勒要求法国从捷克斯洛伐克手中夺取苏台德地区。
This resulted in the Munich Conference, whereby France and Britain agreed that Germany would be allowed to annex the Sudetenland.
这一事件最终促成了慕尼黑会议的召开。在会议上，法国和英国同意允许德国吞并苏台德地区。
Czechoslovakia itself wasn't invited to this meeting, because they'd only do things like disagree.
捷克斯洛伐克本身并未被邀请参加这次会议，因为他们总是会提出反对意见（即在与他人意见相左时表现出反对态度）。
It should be noted that very few in France were willing to tolerate the idea of war at this point.
值得注意的是，在当时法国几乎没有人愿意接受战争这一概念。
Both sides of the political spectrum were filled with pacifists who believed that the costs of war,
政治光谱的两端都充满了和平主义者；他们认为战争的代价实在过于沉重。
as demonstrated by the devastation of the First World War, were never worth it.
正如第一次世界大战所带来的毁灭性后果所证明的那样，那些行为（或战争）根本就不值得。
France was very proud of the Munich Agreement, and saw it as a great victory in de la Dier's popularity soared,
法国对《慕尼黑协定》感到非常自豪，将其视为一场重大胜利。由于这一协定的达成，戴高乐的声望也随之大幅提升。
until Hitler conquered the rest of Czechoslovakia, that is.
直到希特勒征服了捷克斯洛伐克的其余地区为止。
France's appeasement of Hitler's territorial ambitions could only go so far.
法国对希特勒领土扩张野心的姑息态度终究是有限度的。
Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, and two days later France declared war on Germany alongside Britain.
1939年9月1日，德国入侵波兰；两天后，法国与英国一同对德国宣战。
What followed was not an intense push into Germany, but what the French called the Drol de Gere,
接下来的行动并不是对德国的猛烈进攻，而是法国人所称的“Drol de Gere”（一种战术或行动方式）。
or as it's known in English, the Fony War.
或者用英语来说，就是所谓的“Fony War”（一场虚假的战争）。
This was basically when neither side did much except clash at sea, because the French did not wish to push into Germany,
基本上在这段时间里，双方都没有什么实际行动，只是在海上发生了冲突；因为法国方面并不愿意向德国境内推进。
and Germany could not push into France.
德国也无法向法国发动进攻。
The reason for this was the extremely potent line of fortifications called the Maginot line.
造成这种情况的原因是那条防御工事体系——马其诺防线。该防线具有极其强大的防御能力。
This wasn't designed to be impenetrable, but was supposed to force Germany to go around through Luxembourg and Belgium,
这种防御工事的设计初衷并非使其完全无法被突破，而是为了迫使德国军队必须绕道经过卢森堡和比利时。
because better to fight a war there than at home.
因为在国外打仗总比在国内打仗要好。
De la Dier now saw the Communist Party as a potential threat, because the USSR had signed an on -aggression pact with the Third Reich,
德·拉·迪尔现在将共产党视为一种潜在的威胁，因为苏联已经与第三帝国签署了《互不侵犯条约》。
the Molotov -Ribbentrop Pact.
《莫洛托夫-里宾特洛甫条约》。
This led to many communists being arrested and forced into exile.
这导致许多共产党人被逮捕并被迫流亡。