CLASS 10 LIFE PROCESSES FULL CHAPTER (Animation)| PART - 3 | NCERT Science ch 6| Transportation · Grade booster
本视频讲解人体运输系统，包括血液、心脏和血管的功能，以及不同动物心脏结构的差异。适合练习生物相关词汇和理解生命过程。
Transportation.
交通运输。
Now, let us look at the human transport system.
现在，让我们来看看人类的交通系统。
Transportation is an important life process.
交通运输是人们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。
Our transport system is composed of 1.
我们的交通系统由以下部分组成：1.
Blood to transport different materials, 2.
血液用于输送各种物质。
Hot to pump the blood and 3.
能够促进血液循环，温度适宜（3度左右）。
Blood vessels to supply the blood to different body parts and 4.
负责向身体各部位输送血液的血管；4.
Blood platelets to repair the damaged rigid blood vessels.
血小板用于修复受损的、质地坚硬的血管。
Blood acts as a transporter of food, oxygen and waste materials within our bodies.
血液在我们的体内充当食物、氧气以及废物物质的运输载体。
Blood is a type of fluid connective tissue.
血液是一种属于液态结缔组织的物质。
It is composed of plasma and blood cells.
它由血浆和血细胞组成。
Plasma carries nutrients, carbon dioxide, salts and nitrogenous wastes in dissolved form,
血浆以溶解的形式输送营养物质、二氧化碳、盐类以及含氮废物。
whereas oxygen is transported by red blood cells.
而氧气则是由红细胞运输的。
The pumping organ that we have in our body is hot.
我们体内负责输送血液的“泵状器官”其实温度相当高。
Just like how an electric motor pumps water in the pipes, hot pumps the blood into the blood vessels.
就像电动机将水输送到管道中一样，心脏也将血液泵送到血管中。
Our heart is a muscular organ.
我们的心脏是一个肌肉器官。
It is in the size of our fist.
它的大小大约和我们的拳头差不多。
Heart does two important jobs.
心脏承担着两项重要的功能。
The first job is to collect deoxygenated blood from the different parts of the body and send it to the lungs for oxygenation.
首要的任务是从身体的各个部位收集缺氧的血液，并将其输送到肺部进行氧合（即让血液中的氧气与肺部中的氧气结合）。
This task is done by the right side chambers of the heart.
这项任务是由心脏的右侧心室完成的。
The second job is to collect the oxygenated blood from the lungs and supply it to the different parts of the body.
第二项功能是从肺部收集富含氧气的血液，并将其输送到身体的各个部位。
This task is done by the left side chambers of the heart.
这项任务是由心脏的左侧腔室完成的。
But these two tasks are performed at the same time.
不过，这两项任务是同时完成的。
At first left atrium and right atrium gets relaxed or dilated.
起初，左心房和右心房会处于松弛或扩张的状态。
Then left atrium gets the oxygenated blood from the lungs.
随后，左心房从肺部接收富含氧气的血液。
Right atrium gets the deoxygenated blood from the body parts.
右心房接收来自身体各部位的缺氧血液。
Now both these chambers get contracted and pump the blood into the bottom chambers.
现在，这两个心腔都会收缩，并将血液泵送到下方的心腔中。
Now the left ventricle get contracted and sends the oxygenated blood to the body parts.
此时，左心室开始收缩，将富含氧气的血液输送到身体的各个部位。
At the same time right ventricle pumps the deoxygenated blood to lungs.
与此同时，右心室将缺氧的血液泵送到肺部。
Ventricles possesses thicker muscular walls compared to atria because they need to pump blood to various organs.
心室的肌肉壁比心房更厚，因为它们需要将血液泵送到各个器官。
Wells prevent the backward flow of blood during the contraction of atria or ventricles.
瓣膜的作用是在心房或心室收缩时防止血液逆流。
Heart structure in animals with different energy needs.
具有不同能量需求的动物的心脏结构。
Birds and mammals have a four -chambered heart with complete separation between the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
鸟类和哺乳动物的心脏由四个腔室组成，氧合血液与脱氧血液在心脏内部完全分离。
The separation of this right and left sides of the heart prevents oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing.
心脏的左右两侧各自独立运作，从而防止了含氧血液与缺氧血液的混合。
If the mixed blood is supplied to the body the amount of oxygen supply decreases and the energy production also decreases.
如果这种混合血液被输送到身体各处，那么氧气供应量会减少，能量产生的量也会随之下降。
This separation allows for efficient oxygen delivery to meet their high energy demands.
这种分离机制能够确保氧气高效地输送到身体各部位，从而满足它们对高能量的需求。
Amphibians and reptiles they have three -chambered hearts allowing some mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
两栖动物和爬行动物的心脏具有三个腔室，这使得含氧血液与缺氧血液能够在一定程度上混合。
Fishes they have two -chambered hearts.
鱼类的心脏具有两个腔室。
Blood is pumped to the gills for oxygenation and then directly to the rest of the body.
血液被输送到鳃部进行氧气交换，之后直接流向身体的其他部位。
This type of circulation is called single
这种循环方式被称为“单循环”（single circulation）。