Why Are US Politics Today So Divisive?: Crash Course US Government #1 · CrashCourse
本集探讨美国政治日益分裂的原因,分析意识形态和社会因素如何导致两党对立。适合练习政治话题和表达观点。
Maybe you’ve noticed: The echo chambers are loud.
也许你已经注意到了:那些“回音室”(即人们只与持有相同观点的人交流的环境)里的声音非常响亮(即观点的传播非常强烈)。
The divisions, wide.
这些分歧非常严重(或:这些分歧的范围非常广泛)。
Our Fox News dads and our MSNBC moms may as well be living in different dimensions.
我们那些喜欢看福克斯新闻(Fox News)的“父亲们”以及那些喜欢看微软全国广播公司(MSNBC)节目的“母亲们”,简直就像生活在不同的维度里一样——彼此之间几乎无法沟通、也无法理解对方的想法。
And our majestic eagle friend is looking…
我们那位威风凛凛的鹰朋友正凝视着……
way less majestic than when we last saw him.
比起我们上次见到他的时候,他的威严感明显降低了许多。
You okay there, Baldy?
你没事吧,光头?
Stop picking at your feathers, you’re only gonna make it worse.
别再自寻烦恼了,这样做只会让情况变得更糟。
So, how did we get here, screaming at each other across an ever-growing cavernous divide?
那么,我们究竟是如何走到这一步的?为什么会在日益扩大的分歧与隔阂面前互相争吵、互相攻击呢?
And what does that mean for the fate of this country?
这对这个国家的命运意味着什么呢?
Hi!
嗨!
I'm Kousha Navidar, this is Crash Course, and we’re answering Big Questions on U.S.
我是库莎·纳维达尔(Kousha Navidar),这是《Crash Course》节目。我们致力于探讨关于美国的重要问题。
Government.
政府
[THEME MUSIC] While it’s true that the media we consume contributes greatly to our super-polarized political culture, To understand the full scope of what’s going on,
【主题音乐】虽然我们接触到的媒体确实对当前极度两极分化的政治文化产生了重要影响,但要全面理解当前局势的真相,……
we have to take an even wider view, because this thing we’ve got going on goes back a long time.
我们必须从更广阔的视角来看待这个问题,因为当前所发生的一切其实已经存在了很长时间。
For decades, there’s been a widening divide
几十年来,社会中的分歧一直在不断扩大。
between the two major political parties in terms of political ideology – where people fall on the spectrum of beliefs about how society should work.
从政治意识形态的角度来看,这种分歧存在于两大主要政党之间;人们在这些政党所代表的政治观点谱系中占据不同的位置,这些观点涉及对社会应该如何运作的看法。
Very simply, from left to right, liberal to conservative.
非常简单:从左到右,代表着从自由派到保守派的立场变化。
And when we say liberal and conservative, we’re not actually talking about Democrats and Republicans.
当我们提到“自由派”和“保守派”时,其实并不是指民主党人和共和党人。
At least, not yet.
至少,现在还没有。
Liberal really just means falling on the left side of our political spectrum.
自由派”这个词实际上只是指在政治光谱中属于左翼立场的人。
These folks tend to support more government involvement in people’s lives.
这些人倾向于支持政府在人们生活中发挥更大的作用(即政府应更多地干预人们的生活)。
Conservatives, on the right side of the spectrum, want the government to conserve the status quo, which usually means less intervention both socially and economically.
保守派属于政治光谱的右翼,他们希望政府维持现状,这通常意味着在社会和经济领域减少干预。
So, for example, a liberal person would probably support government-funded healthcare, while a conservative person might think that’s something better left to private companies.
例如,一个自由派人士可能会支持由政府资助的医疗体系,而一个保守派人士则可能认为这类事务最好由私营企业来负责。
In a centrist political culture, most voters hold moderate views, falling somewhere between liberal and conservative.
在一种中间派的政治文化中,大多数选民持有温和的观点,他们的立场介于自由派和保守派之间。
Sure, you’ve got your fair share of leftists and right-wingers, but the largest cluster of voters are hanging out in the middle.
当然,这个群体中既有左翼人士,也有右翼人士,但最多的选民其实属于中间派。
And in an election, they could swing either way.
在选举中,这些因素可能会朝着任何一方发展。
But in a culture of political polarization, like ours, voters are camped out farther away from each other in their views.
但在一个政治两极分化的社会中(就像我们这样的社会),选民们在观点上彼此之间的分歧越来越大。
These days, we tend to think of
如今,我们往往倾向于认为……
the political spectrum as falling along party
政治光谱被简单地划分为不同的政党阵营。
lines, with “liberal” meaning the same thing as “Democrat” and “conservative” meaning the same thing as “Republican” – with a vast,
在这些表述中,“自由派”(liberal)与“民主党人”(Democrat)的含义相同,而“保守派”(conservative)与“共和党人”(Republican)的含义也相同。这种划分具有广泛的……
seemingly uncrossable canyon between them.
他们之间似乎存在着一道无法逾越的鸿沟(或:一道看似无法穿越的峡谷)。
But the left-right divide between the parties wasn’t always this clear-cut.
不过,各政党之间的左右派分歧并不总是如此泾渭分明。
So what happened?
那么,到底发生了什么呢?
To help explain this, let’s head over to my colleague, historian Buff.
为了帮助大家理解这一点,我们来看看我的同事——历史学家布夫吧。
Just Buff.
只是简单地增强一下(角色的能力/属性)而已。
That’s his whole name.
这就是他的全名。
Hi there, Kousha.
嗨,Kousha!
You are not what I was expecting.
你并不是我原本期待中的那个人。
What do you mean?
你是什么意思?
Don’t worry about it, Buff.
别担心这个,布夫。