The Deepest Point in the World: Crash Course Geology #12 · CrashCourse
探索深海地质奇观,了解海洋底部的复杂地形和奇特生态系统。适合练习地理、自然和科学类词汇。
It’s about to get freaky.
情况马上就要变得非常诡异了……
Gargantuan tubeworms.
这些管虫体型巨大。
Foot-long clams.
长达一英尺的蛤蜊。
Shrimp with eyes that can detect radiation.
拥有能够检测辐射能力的眼睛的虾。
And I’m not talking about the special at Red Lobster.
我说的可不是 Red Lobster 餐厅里的特价优惠。
These are just a few of the stranger-than-fiction creatures you can find in the deep, dark depths of the ocean.
这些只不过是在海洋深处那些奇异无比的生物中的一部分罢了。
The ocean is teeming with life, even its most hostile parts.
即使在海洋中最恶劣的环境中,也充满了生命。
It fosters the most spectacular and diverse lifeforms imaginable— including us.
它孕育了各种令人惊叹、形态各异的生命体——当然也包括我们人类。
Just ‘cause we live on land doesn’t mean we’re not homies with our salty neighbors, okay?
仅仅因为我们生活在陆地上,并不意味着我们就不能和那些“脾气暴躁”的邻居们成为好朋友,明白吗?
So, how does she do it?
那么,她究竟是怎么做到的呢?
What makes the ocean so…
究竟是什么让海洋变得如此特别呢?
life-y?
Life-y”这个词的意思是“充满活力、充满生机”的,形容某事物或某人具有积极、乐观、充满活力的特质。
Hi, I’m Sage, and this is Crash Course Geology.
大家好,我是Sage,这是《地质学速成课程》(Crash Course Geology)。
[THEME MUSIC] THE OCEAN!
[主题音乐] 海洋!
More than 70 percent of our planet is covered in this enormous, salty, plankton-filled wonderland.
我们星球表面的70%以上都被这片广阔的、咸水的、充满浮游生物的“奇妙世界”所覆盖。
Seriously, there’s a lot of plankton in there.
说真的,那里的浮游生物非常多。
We’ve been fascinated by this massive body of water for centuries.
几个世纪以来,我们一直对这片广阔的水域充满着好奇与 fascination(此处“fascination”可根据语境译为“好奇”或“着迷”)。
One of the earliest studies of the
这是最早的相关研究之一。
ocean started in 1872, when the British HMS Challenger hit the seas for a 1,250-day journey that covered over 68,000 nautical miles.
海洋探索计划”始于1872年:当时,英国的“挑战者号”(HMS Challenger)启航,开始了一次长达1250天的航行,行程覆盖了超过68,000海里的距离。
You could consider it an early feat of oceanography, the study of the physics, chemistry, biology, and geology of the oceans.
你可以将这一成就视为海洋学早期的重要成果——海洋学是一门研究海洋物理、化学、生物和地质现象的科学。
Later, tools like sonar, submarines, satellites, and
后来,出现了声纳、潜艇、卫星等工具。
submersibles let us gather data from above and send stuff below— everything from cameras to robots to “Titanic” director James Cameron.
潜水器使我们能够从水面收集数据,并将各种物品(从摄像机、机器人,到《泰坦尼克号》的导演詹姆斯·卡梅隆本人)送至水下。
Voluntarily, of course.
当然是自愿的。
He was really vibing down there!
他在那里表现得非常开心、非常放松!
So today, we know quite a bit about the ocean.
因此,如今我们对海洋已经有了相当多的了解。
And it isn’t just one uniform mass of saltwater.
而且,这里的海水并不是均匀分布的、单一的整体。
Some parts are way saltier than others, or way hotter or way colder.
有些地区的盐分含量远高于其他地区;同时,这些地区的温度也可能高得多或低得多。
Some parts are home to thousands of species, while others support almost none at all.
有些地区栖息着数千种物种,而另一些地区则几乎没有任何物种生存。
And when it comes to the seafloor, it’s not just flat and sandy.
至于海底,它可不仅仅是平坦且布满沙子的。
There’s a lot going on with the ocean’s bathymetry, or the topography of the ocean floor.
海洋底部的地形(即海洋的深度分布)变化非常复杂。
Now, I can’t take you on a tour of it— the Crash Course budget is a little too tight for a full-on submersible.
现在,我无法带你们去参观那里了——因为“速成课程”项目的预算实在非常紧张,根本无法负担一艘完整的潜水器的使用费用。
But I bet I know someone who would make the trip…
但我敢打赌,我认识一个人会愿意去完成这次旅行……
Dwayne!
德韦恩!
You wanna go on a lil adventure?
想来点小冒险吗?
Dwayne starts his journey on the coast, where the land meets the sea.
德韦恩的旅程始于海岸线——那里是陆地与海洋的交汇处。
As he strikes out onto the seafloor, he’ll roll along the continental shelf: a part of the ocean floor that’s still continental crust.
当它沉入海底时,会沿着大陆架滚动而行;大陆架是海洋底部的一部分,其地质结构仍属于大陆地壳。
It's stretched out and topped with a thick layer of sediment accumulated over thousands of years.
这片区域已经发生了明显的拉伸变形,其表面覆盖着一层厚厚的沉积物——这些沉积物是在数千年的时间里逐渐积累而成的。
Continental crust is thicker and more buoyant than oceanic crust, so it “floats” higher on top of the mantle.
大陆地壳比海洋地壳更厚、密度更低(因此更具浮力),所以它能够“浮”在地幔之上更高的位置。
Combined with the thick layer of sediments, the ocean is shallower on the shelf, usually less than two hundred meters deep.
由于沉积物层较厚,大陆架上的海洋深度较浅,通常不超过200米。
Here, you’ll find algae, seaweed, and tons of different kinds of fish and sea creatures.
在这里,你可以看到藻类、海草,以及各种各样的鱼类和其他海洋生物。