How Big of a Problem is Voter Fraud?: Crash Course US Government #6 · CrashCourse
本集探讨选举舞弊的定义与现实，分析2020年大选是否被篡改，并讲解如何保障选举安全。适合练习政治话题和逻辑表达。
In 2021, over 2,000 people stormed the US Capitol Building.
2021年，超过2000人闯入了美国国会大厦。
They destroyed property, pepper sprayed police, and terrified the congresspeople inside.
他们破坏了公共财产，向警察喷洒胡椒喷雾，并让在里面的国会议员们感到极度恐惧。
Why?
为什么呢？
They thought the presidential election had been stolen through widespread voter fraud.
他们认为总统选举是通过大规模的选民欺诈行为被窃取的（即选举结果被篡改了）。
So, what’s the deal with voter fraud, really?
那么，选民欺诈问题到底是怎么回事呢？
And could it actually sway a presidential election?
那么，这种影响真的能够左右总统选举的结果吗？
Hi!
嗨！
I'm Kousha Navidar, this is Crash Course, and we’re answering Big Questions on U.S.
我是库莎·纳维达尔（Kousha Navidar），这是《速成课程》（Crash Course）节目。我们致力于探讨关于美国的重要问题。
Government.
政府。
[THEME MUSIC] We have to get one thing out of the way: the 2020 election wasn’t stolen.
【主题音乐】有一点我们必须明确：2020年的选举并没有被操纵或篡改。
Both our court system and bipartisan organizations
无论是我们的法院系统，还是那些由两党共同组成的组织，都……（原句在此处不完整，无法继续翻译。）
all across the country have looked deep into things and confirmed that everything went exactly as it was supposed to—at least,
全国各地的人都进行了深入的调查，确认一切事情都按照预定的计划顺利进行——至少是这样。
until, you know, rioters stormed the Capitol.
直到……嗯，那些暴徒冲进了国会大厦。
But in a democracy like ours, free and fair elections are a big deal.
但在像我们这样的民主国家中，自由公正的选举至关重要。
So if the integrity of an election ever were in jeopardy, it would make sense to defend it.
因此，如果选举的公正性真的受到威胁，那么捍卫选举自然是理所应当的。
Which does raise a big question.
这就引出了一个重要的问题。
How concerned should we actually be over mass voter fraud?
对于大规模的选民欺诈行为，我们究竟应该有多担心呢？
Basically, voter fraud happens when people manage to manipulate the vote count in ways they shouldn’t be able to.
简单来说，选民欺诈行为是指某些人通过不正当手段篡改投票结果的行为。
Like, voting in a jurisdiction where you don’t actually live, or voting multiple times in different jurisdictions, or impersonating someone else and voting in their name,
比如，在你实际并不居住的辖区进行投票；或者在不同辖区多次投票；又或者冒充他人并以他们的名义进行投票。
or somehow altering the vote count after the election, or even intimidating other voters to change their vote.
或者在选举结束后以某种方式篡改投票结果；甚至威胁其他选民，迫使他们改变自己的投票意向。
Tons and tons of voter fraud would be a huge problem for elections.
大量的选民欺诈行为将对选举造成严重威胁。
But is it actually happening?
但这真的正在发生吗？
To find out, we need to look at how our elections really work.
为了弄清楚这一点，我们需要了解我们的选举制度究竟是如何运作的。
The US is a huge country, and its voting system is so complicated that people literally go to graduate school to study how it works.
美国是一个幅员辽阔的国家，其投票制度极其复杂，以至于有些人甚至需要攻读研究生学位才能真正弄清楚该制度的运作原理。
Trust me, I had the student loans to prove it.
相信我，我有学生贷款作为证明。
In 2020, over 150 million people voted in the presidential election, in over a hundred thousand different precincts and polling places.
2020年，超过1.5亿人参与了总统选举的投票，投票地点遍布全国十万多个不同的选区及投票站。
So really, even our biggest elections are made up of tons of smaller ones.
实际上，即使是我们规模最大的选举，也是由无数规模较小的选举组成的。
Those elections are usually controlled by county or municipal officials, like a county clerk, or a board of election commissioners.
这些选举通常由县或市的官员负责管理，比如县书记员或选举委员会。
Those are the folks in charge of registering the voters, operating the polling places, and verifying the vote count – it’s not the federal government.
这些人负责选民登记、管理投票站以及核实投票结果；这些工作并非由联邦政府负责。
That’s why we say the system is decentralized – there’s no one national agency or official that’s in charge of our presidential elections.
这就是为什么我们说这个系统是去中心化的：没有任何一个国家级机构或官员负责我们的总统选举。
Congress can make nationwide laws about how
国会可以制定全国性的法律，来规范相关行为的实施方式。
federal elections have to operate generally, but the nuts and bolts of how election day goes down in your area …that’s up to local officials.
联邦选举的运作方式具有普遍性，但选举当天具体在你们所在地区的具体流程细节……则由当地官员来决定。
The whole thing can feel a little sprawling and scattered– and frankly, that might make it natural to worry about voter fraud.
整个事情看起来有点杂乱无章、缺乏条理；坦率地说，这确实会让人自然而然地担心会出现选民欺诈的行为。
And the system definitely does have flaws.
这个系统确实存在一些缺陷。
Having different rules and guidelines at the state, county, or even local level can make counting the votes slow,
在州、县甚至地方层面存在不同的规则和规定，可能会导致计票工作变得缓慢。
which is why it can take a little while for big elections to get officially called.
这就是为什么大型选举正式宣布结果可能需要一些时间的原因。
Decentralization can also make things pretty confusing for voters who have recently moved and are trying to navigate a totally different process than they’re used to,
权力下放也可能让那些刚刚搬到这里、试图适应全新选举流程的选民感到困惑不已。
not to mention different policies when it comes to things like your registration date, what kind of ID you need,
更不用说在注册日期、所需身份证明类型等方面存在不同的政策规定了。
and how to cast an absentee ballot.
以及如何投递缺席选票。
But decentralized voting also has a huge benefit.
但是，去中心化的投票方式还有一个巨大的优势。