Could vaccines cure cancer? ⏲️ 6 Minute English · BBC Learning English
本期节目探讨了科学家正在研发的个性化癌症疫苗，介绍其原理和潜在优势。适合练习医学、科技和健康相关词汇。
Hi Phil Hi Georgie.
嗨，菲尔！嗨，乔治！
Phil, have you had many vaccines in your life?
菲尔，你一生中接种过很多疫苗吗？
So, these are injections to protect you from diseases.
这些注射剂是为了保护您免受疾病的侵害。
Oh, I've had loads.
哦，我遇到过很多这样的情况。
I had all the ones you have when you’re a child, but I've also had some for travelling and working abroad so…
我小时候拥有你所说的所有那些物品；后来为了出国旅行和工作，我又购置了一些新的物品……
yeah, I've had lots.
是的，我经历过很多这样的事情。
OK.
好的。
Well, many of us will have had vaccines to stop us getting common diseases such as flu or Covid 19,
嗯，我们中的许多人应该都接种过疫苗，以防止感染流感或新冠病毒等常见疾病。
but could injections help us fight more complicated diseases too?
但是，注射疗法是否也能帮助我们对抗那些更为复杂的疾病呢？
In this episode of 6 Minute English, we'll be looking at some new research that has scientists very excited,
在这一期的《6分钟英语》节目中，我们将探讨一些让科学家们感到非常兴奋的新研究结果。
and we'll be asking the question, Could vaccines cure cancer?
我们将提出这样一个问题：疫苗能否治愈癌症？
OK.
好的。
Let's start with a quiz question, Phil.
让我们从一个测验问题开始吧，菲尔。
There are lots of different types of cancer affecting many parts of the body, but according to the World Health Organisation,
癌症有很多不同的类型，会侵袭身体的多个部位。根据世界卫生组织的数据……
what is the most common cancer worldwide?
全球最常见的癌症是什么？
Is it: a) lung cancer, b) skin cancer, or c) stomach cancer?
这可能是：a) 肺癌；b) 皮肤癌；c) 胃癌？
Well, I don't know.
嗯，我也不太清楚。
I'm going to guess b) skin cancer.
我猜是 b）皮肤癌。
Well, we'll find out the answer at the end of the programme.
好吧，我们会在节目结束时找到答案。
Right.
好的。
Now, this idea of a vaccine that could cure cancer sounds really interesting.
现在，这种能够治愈癌症的疫苗的想法听起来确实非常有趣。
Could you tell us a bit more about it, Georgie?
乔治，你能再给我们详细讲讲这件事吗？
Well, scientists have been trying to develop a cancer vaccine for quite a long time.
科学家们一直在努力研发癌症疫苗，这一过程已经持续了相当长的时间。
If you think about many existing cancer treatments, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy, these have quite a few side effects.
如果你仔细想想现有的许多癌症治疗方法（比如放疗和化疗），就会发现它们都会带来不少副作用。
But the idea is that a cancer vaccine would help the body's natural immune system help fight the disease,
但核心思想是：癌症疫苗能够帮助人体自身的免疫系统更有效地对抗这种疾病。
which could have fewer side effects and also be more effective.
这种方法可能产生的副作用更少，同时效果也会更好。
Scientists are particularly hopeful about a new vaccine developed to treat skin cancer.
科学家们对一种新开发的用于治疗皮肤癌的疫苗寄予了特别的期望。
BBC Radio 4 programme Inside Science has been hearing about the latest research.
BBC Radio 4的节目《Inside Science》一直在报道最新的研究成果。
Cancer cell biologist Anne Willis spoke to presenter Tom Whipple.
癌症细胞生物学家安妮·威利斯接受了主持人汤姆·惠普尔的采访。
I guess this moment has been quite a long time coming, hasn't it?
我想这个时刻其实已经等待了很久很久，不是吗？
There's been some false dawns in cancer vaccines.
在癌症疫苗的研发过程中，曾出现过一些看似成功的假象（即人们误以为疫苗已经研发成功）。
I mean, there's been a lot of work in this space, and it's all been very encouraging, particularly in the animal models,
我的意思是，这个领域已经取得了很多进展，而且所有的成果都非常令人鼓舞，尤其是在动物模型方面的研究。
but getting this to translate into humans
不过，要让这个系统能够“理解”人类的语言并进行翻译……
can be a much harder, longer process, so it's very exciting that there's this breakthrough – apparent breakthrough – that's come through today.
这个过程可能会更加复杂、耗时也更长；因此，今天取得的这一突破（尽管目前还只是初步的成果）实在令人振奋不已。
Tom says that the development of the
汤姆表示，该项目的开发进展顺利……（不过原句不完整，具体内容需要补充。）
cancer vaccine has been a long time coming, and this means that it's taken a lot of time to achieve.
癌症疫苗的研发经历了漫长的过程，这意味着我们花费了大量的时间才最终成功研制出这种疫苗。
Yes.
是的。
Tom also says there have been some false dawns, an expression meaning that something looks like it's improving when it's actually not.
汤姆还表示，曾经出现过一些“虚假的曙光”（false dawns）——这个表达的意思是：某些情况看似在好转，但实际上并没有真正改善。
Anne says there's been a lot of work in this space.
安妮表示，在这个领域已经做了大量的工作。
Space here means field of research – so, in this context, research into cancer vaccines.
这里的“space”指的是研究领域，具体来说就是针对癌症疫苗的研究。