You're More Stressed Than Ever - Let's Change That · Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell
了解压力的科学原理及其对身心的影响，学习如何有效管理压力，建立适合自己的健康习惯。
Stress is an ancient superpower that is slowly killing you.
压力其实是一种“古老的超能力”——它正在慢慢地侵蚀你的健康（甚至你的生命）。
It evolved as one of the most powerful tools for survival but has turned into a double edged sword in the modern world.
它最初演变成了一种极其强大的生存工具，但在现代社会中却变成了一把“双刃剑”（即既有积极作用也有消极作用）。
It grants your wish to rise to a gnarly challenge or to work harder – but claims a chunk of your life force in return.
它实现了你想要迎接艰巨挑战或更加努力工作的愿望，但作为交换，它会消耗你的一部分生命力。
Unless you learn how to use it right.
除非你学会正确使用它。
What is stress, why is it harmful and what can you do to escape its consequences?
什么是压力？为什么它会带来危害？又该如何避免其带来的负面影响呢？
All living things strive for homeostasis, a state where their body is in balance.
所有生物都在努力维持体内环境的稳态（即“homeostasis”），也就是身体处于平衡状态的一种状况。
To maintain this balance they make adjustments like moving into the sunlight or eating nutrients.
为了维持这种平衡，它们会做出一些调整，比如移动到阳光充足的地方，或者摄取所需的营养物质。
But the world is a cruel place with death lurking behind every corner and organisms need a way to react to extreme situations.
然而，这个世界充满了残酷；死亡潜伏在每一个角落，生物体需要一种方式来应对极端情况。
This is how stress evolved – as a physical response to a stressor – which is anything challenging or dangerous.
压力就是这样演变而来的：它最初是对各种压力源（即任何具有挑战性或危险性的因素）所产生的生理反应。
Stress is a very fast, drastic change of the state of the body that prioritizes survival.
压力会导致身体状态发生极其迅速且剧烈的变化，而这种变化的核心目标是确保生存。
An emergency program that lets the organism push way out of its comfort zone to survive.
这是一种应急机制：在这种机制下，生物体会被迫突破自身的“舒适区”（即常规的生活或生存环境），从而得以生存下去。
To understand how stress works in humans, let's visit a scene fifty thousand years ago…
为了理解压力在人体中的作用机制，让我们回到五万年前的那个场景……
The Superpower Awakens A group of early homo sapiens are huddled around a fire – when suddenly a desperate and starving sabertooth tiger attacks their camp.
超级大国的觉醒： 一群早期的人类智者正围坐在篝火旁取暖，突然间，一只饥饿至极的剑齿虎袭击了他们的营地……
Their leader, Urr the Bearsmasher jumps up as time slows down.
当时间开始变慢时，他们的领袖——名叫“熊碎者”（Urr the Bearsmasher）的战士立刻站了起来。
His brain classifies the tiger as a critical stressor and unleashes the stress response.
他的大脑将老虎视为一种“具有高度威胁性的压力源”，从而触发了身体的应激反应机制。
Adrenal glands pump out adrenaline that rushes through Urr’s body activating “fight or flight” mode.
肾上腺会分泌肾上腺素，这种激素会迅速流遍乌尔的身体，从而激活“战斗或逃跑”模式（即人体在面对威胁时产生的应激反应）。
His heart starts beating faster and his lungs accelerate, providing an emergency supply of nutrients and oxygen to all critical systems.
他的心跳开始加快，肺部也开始加速工作，为身体的所有关键系统紧急输送所需的营养物质和氧气。
Adrenaline dictates that his muscles have energy priority over his other organs and activates them for rapid action – their strength and speed are ramped up.
肾上腺素会促使他的肌肉优先获得能量供应（相对于其他器官而言），从而激活这些肌肉使其能够迅速行动；肌肉的力量和速度都会得到显著提升。
Pain and fatigue signals are muted, while his senses become super sharp and lock in on the threat.
疼痛和疲劳的感觉被减弱了，与此同时，他的感官变得异常敏锐，能够精准地察觉到任何潜在的威胁。
Urr perceives every detail with maximum clarity and realizes the tiger is getting ready to pounce!
乌尔能够极其清晰地观察到每一个细节，立刻意识到那只老虎正在准备发动攻击！
There is only a split second to react.
只有极短的一瞬间可以用来做出反应。
Adrenaline forces Urr to make a quick, impulsive decision: Without thinking about it he chooses to fight and attacks with full force.
肾上腺素的刺激迫使乌尔迅速做出一个冲动的决定：他没有多想，便选择了战斗，并用尽全力发动了攻击。
But the battle is long and arduous – the animal is desperate and will not back down, our humans risk exhaustion.
然而，这场战斗漫长而艰苦：动物陷入了绝境，绝不会退缩；而我们人类则面临着精疲力竭的风险。
A new hormone joins the battle: cortisol.
另一种新的激素也加入了这场“战斗”——皮质醇。
Cortisol is the slower, more strategic hormone that manages a longer stress response.
皮质醇是一种释放速度较慢、作用更为持久的激素，它负责调节人体对长期压力的反应过程。
It orders a total shift of all body systems.
它要求所有身体系统进行全面调整（或：发生彻底的变化）。
Ramping up the fuel supply while suppressing all non-essential functions like resting, disease defense or digestion.
增加燃料供应的同时，抑制所有非必要的生理功能，例如休息、免疫反应以及消化过程。
Urr's body isn’t his own anymore, it belongs to stress.
乌尔的身体已经不再属于他自己了，它被压力所控制（或者说，乌尔的身体已经被压力“占据”了）。
Finally Urr the Bearsmasher deals the killing blow.
终于，被称为“熊粉碎者”的乌尔给了敌人致命一击。
The tribe gathers in celebration.
这个部落的人们聚集在一起庆祝。
Their bodies shut down “fight or flight” and activate “rest and digest”.
他们的身体会停止“战斗或逃跑”状态，转而进入“休息与消化”模式。
Wounds begin to hurt and muscles cry in exhaustion.
伤口开始疼痛，肌肉因过度疲劳而感到酸痛。
It is time to recover and heal, bond and tell stories about how they killed the angry tiger god.
是时候恢复元气、治愈伤痛、重新建立联系，并讲述他们是如何杀死那位愤怒的虎神的故事了。
Some fall asleep, others eat to replenish.
有些人会入睡，有些人则会通过进食来补充体力。
The tribe relaxes and homeostasis is being restored.
这个部落的人们开始放松下来，身体的内环境（即稳态）也在逐渐恢复中。
These people are your ancestors.
这些人就是你的祖先。
When did this amazing superpower turn into a curse?
这种令人惊叹的“超能力”究竟是什么时候变成了一种诅咒的呢？
The Deadly Email Our world has changed so quickly and profoundly that our biology couldn’t keep up.
这封“致命的电子邮件”…… 我们的世界变化如此之快、如此之深刻，以至于我们的生物学机制根本无法跟上这些变化的步伐。
Stress is still the same it was fifty thousand years ago: Sense a stressor.
压力与五万年前相比并没有什么变化——人们仍然能够感知到各种压力源的存在。
React immediately and with full force.
立即采取行动，并且要全力以赴。