什么是地热能?——地质学速成课程

What is Geothermal Energy?: Crash Course Geology #21 · CrashCourse

本集介绍地热能及其形成原理,适合练习能源类词汇和科学表达。

字幕节选(英语 · 中文)

  1. Ah, New York City.

    啊,纽约市。

  2. The home of Broadway, the two-dollar slice…

    百老汇的发源地,那片售价仅两美元的披萨……

  3. and this!

    还有这个!

  4. St. Patrick’s Cathedral.

    圣帕特里克大教堂。

  5. The nearly 150-year-old church is truly something to behold.

    这座已有近150年历史的教堂确实令人叹为观止。

  6. With its sky-high spires, stained glass windows, and massive pipe organ, it’s a favorite destination for tourists.

    这座教堂拥有高耸入云的尖塔、彩色玻璃窗以及庞大的管风琴,因此成为游客们最喜爱的参观目的地。

  7. I guess the shirt gave me away, huh?

    我想那件衬衫暴露了我的身份吧?

  8. Yeah, I’m from California.

    是的,我来自加利福尼亚州。

  9. But I do a great Robert De Niro!

    不过我模仿罗伯特·德尼罗的样子简直太像了!

  10. I’ll work on it, okay, Dwayne?

    我会处理这个问题的,好吗,德韦恩?

  11. But there’s something else amazing about the cathedral.

    但这座大教堂还有另一件令人惊叹的事情。

  12. Around the church, ten wells are dug deep within the earth, some as far down as 670 meters.

    在教堂周围,人们挖掘了十口深埋地下的井,其中一些井的深度达到了670米。

  13. That’s more than six times deeper than the height of its spires.

    它的深度是其尖塔高度的六倍多。

  14. Why?

    为什么呢?

  15. For energy.

    为了获取能量。

  16. Piped up straight from the earth.

    直接从地下“冒”出来的……

  17. Hi!

    嗨!

  18. I’m Sage, and this is Crash Course Geology.

    我是Sage,这是《地质学速成课程》。

  19. [THEME MUSIC] When we need energy, where do we turn?

    【主题音乐】当我们需要能量时,我们会向哪里寻求帮助呢?

  20. When it comes to our bodies, we eat plants and animals.

    说到我们的身体,我们需要摄取植物和动物提供的营养。

  21. But when it comes to fueling our cars, heating our houses, or powering our studio lights and video cameras,

    但当我们谈到为汽车提供燃料、为房屋供暖,或者为演播室的灯光和摄像机供电时……

  22. we need more energy.

    我们需要更多的能源。

  23. Like, a lot more.

    真的,要多得多。

  24. For the past hundred-fifty-ish years, we’ve mostly powered our world with fossil fuels— things like oil, coal, and natural gas.

    在过去的 150 年左右时间里,我们主要依靠化石燃料(如石油、煤炭和天然气)来为这个世界提供能源。

  25. They’re compounds made of algae, plant, and animal remains from millions of years ago.

    这些化合物是由数百万年前藻类、植物和动物遗骸形成的。

  26. That’s right.

    没错。

  27. Million-year-old dead stuff powers my toothbrush, TV, and motor scooter.

    那些已有数百万年历史的“古老物质”为我的牙刷、电视以及电动滑板车提供了动力。

  28. Catch me yelling this to everyone as I scoot around Long Beach.

    想象一下:我在长滩(Long Beach)四处穿梭时,对着每个人大声喊出这些话……

  29. But how do we get fossil fuels?

    但是,我们是如何获得化石燃料的呢?

  30. Well, when most living things die, they decompose, breaking down into simple compounds.

    嗯,当大多数生物死亡后,它们会分解成简单的化合物。

  31. But if they're buried in just the right conditions, amazing things start to go down.

    但如果它们在适当的条件下被埋葬,就会发生一些奇妙的事情。

  32. Take oil, for example.

    以石油为例吧。

  33. To start, we’ve got plankton, those tiny life forms that drift around in bodies of water.

    首先,我们有浮游生物——那些在水中漂浮的微小生物。

  34. In still water without a lot of oxygen, it’s hard for them to decompose.

    在缺氧的静水中,这些物质很难被分解。

  35. So instead, dead plankton accumulate at the bottom, mixing with clay to become “organic ooze.”

    因此,死亡的浮游生物会堆积在海底,并与黏土混合,形成“有机淤泥”。

  36. And Earth starts to work its magic.

    然后,地球开始发挥它的“魔力”了。

  37. As the ooze gets buried deeper and deeper, the pressure squeezes out water, transforming it into rock known as organic shale.

    随着这些黏稠物质被埋得越来越深,压力会将其中的水分挤出,从而形成一种被称为“有机页岩”的岩石。

  38. And if that rock is buried deep enough, the rising temperatures transform it again, into a waxy, energy-dense substance called kerogen.

    如果这块岩石埋得足够深,随着温度的升高,它会再次发生化学变化,变成一种蜡状、能量密度极高的物质——即干酪根(kerogen)。

  39. Under Earth’s surface, things can get pretty hot.

    在地球表面之下,温度可能会变得非常高。

  40. If temps down there climb past 90 degrees Celsius, kerogen breaks down into small oil molecules, known as hydrocarbons.

    如果地下的温度升高到 90 摄氏度以上,油母质会分解成较小的油分子,这些分子被称为碳氢化合物。

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