How old is the Earth?: Crash Course Geology #17 · CrashCourse
通过铁矿、化石和放射性陨石等线索,探索地球的地质历史和年龄。适合练习地质学、自然、科普类词汇。
In 1844, a group of government surveyors discovered something…
1844年,一组政府测量人员发现了一些东西……
weird.
真奇怪。
They were trudging through Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, toward the shore of Lake Superior, when suddenly, their compasses went haywire.
他们正徒步穿越密歇根州的上半岛,朝着苏必利尔湖的岸边前进,突然间,他们的指南针开始失灵(即无法正常指示方向)。
Now, I’ve seen enough horror movies for this to raise some red flags.
说实话,我已经看过了太多恐怖电影,因此这件事确实让我感到有些不安(或者说应该引起我的警惕)。
When the compasses get funky, there’s something funkier afoot.
当指南针开始出现异常反应时,那就意味着有更严重的问题正在发生。
What the surveyors found was a big surprise, though not a supernatural one.
测量人员发现的结果令人十分惊讶,不过这种惊讶并不属于超自然的范畴。
It was a whole lot …
这一切实在太多了……
of iron.
铁制的。
And that iron would change what we know about the history of the world.
而这种铁将会改变我们对世界历史的认知。
Hi!
嗨!
I’m Sage, and this is Crash Course Geology.
我是赛奇(Sage),这档节目叫做《地质学速成课》(Crash Course Geology)。
[THEME MUSIC] To get started, we have to turn back the clock.
【主题音乐】为了开始这个故事,我们不得不“倒回时间”——回到过去。
And I don’t mean back to 1844.
我并不是指回到 1844 年。
I mean way back— before compasses, or Michigan, or human beings existed at all.
我的意思是,很久很久以前——在指南针出现之前,在密歇根州诞生之前,甚至在人类诞生之前。
We’re going back in geologic time.
我们将回到地质学的过去(即远古的时代)。
Geologic time, also called deep time, is the history of Planet Earth.
地质时间(也被称为“深时”)是指地球的历史。
You know, no big deal.
你知道的,没什么大不了的。
It started about 4.6 billion years ago, when a cloud of dust and gas smushed in on itself so hard it turned into a planet.
这一切始于大约46亿年前:当时,一团尘埃和气体在自身引力的作用下不断收缩,最终形成了一个行星。
I’ll say that number again: 4.6 billion.
我再重复一遍那个数字:46亿。
It’s hard to wrap your head around, right?
这确实很难让人理解,对吧?
Like, if you started counting right now, you’d get to 4.6 billion in about 147 years.
比如说,如果你现在就开始计数的话,大约147年后你就会数到46亿。
Well, if you could magically live that long.
嗯,如果你真的能神奇地活那么久的话……
"The human brain isn’t built to understand numbers that big.
人类的大脑并不适合理解如此庞大的数字。
Sage, you are far too young to explain geologic time.
塞奇,你还太年轻了,根本无法解释地质时间(即地球历史的长久过程)。
Allow me.
请允许我来说几句。
Whoa!
哇哦!
Okay!
好的!
You’re using your Big Voice!
你正在用你那“响亮的声音”说话呢!
So, um...
那么,嗯……
alright!
好吧!
Take it away, Dwayne.
把它拿走,德韦恩。
Let’s dig a little deeper…
让我们再深入探讨一下……
The geologic timescale is broken down into several, different-sized portions.
地质时间尺度被划分为多个不同长度的阶段(或时期)。
The largest are eons, which last from hundreds of millions to billions of years.
其中最长的是“宙”(eon),其持续时间从数亿年到数十亿年不等。
Our story starts in the Hadean Eon, when the earth was born and covered in an ocean of molten rock.
我们的故事始于冥古宙(Hadean Eon)——那时地球刚刚形成,表面被一片熔岩海洋所覆盖。
Today, we’re living in the Phanerozoic Eon.
今天,我们生活在显生宙(Phanerozoic Eon)这个地质时代中。
Eons are broken down into eras, each hundreds of millions of years long.
宙”(Eons)被进一步划分为“世”(Eras),每个“世”持续数亿年。
And really hard to get tickets to.
而且门票真的很难买到。
For example, inside the Phanerozoic Eon, the Mesozoic Era was the famous “age of reptiles” when dinosaurs, crocodiles,
例如,在显生宙(Phanerozoic Eon)中,中生代(Mesozoic Era)被称为“爬行动物的时代”;在这个时期,恐龙、鳄鱼等爬行动物大量繁衍。
and pterosaurs roamed the Earth.
翼龙曾在地球上漫游。